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watres.2019.02.016

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Microbiology. 1999;**29**:303-307

[21] Eregno F, Moges M, Heistad A. Treated greywater reuse for hydroponic lettuce production in a green wall system: Quantitative health risk assessment. Water. 2017;**9**(7):454

[22] Navarro S, Vela N, Navarro G. An overview on the environmental behaviour of pesticide residues in soils. Spanish Journal of Agricultural

[23] Taiwo AM. Composting as a sustainable waste management technique in developing countries. Journal of Environmental Science and

Technology. 2011;**4**(2):93-102

[24] Barker AV, Bryson GM.

407-420

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[25] Strom PF. Evaluating pesticide residues in yard trimmings compost. BioCycle (USA). 1998;**39**(11):80

Brinton WF. Phytotoxicity factors and herbicide contamination in relation to compost quality management practices. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems. 2005;**20**(2):67-72

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[26] Blewett TC, Roberts DW,

[27] Canellas LP, Olivares FL, Aguiar NO, Jones DL, Nebbioso A, Mazzei P, et al. Humic and fulvic acids as biostimulants in horticulture. Scientia Horticulturae. 2015;**196**:15-27

Ertani A. Plant biostimulants:

Research. 2007;**3**:357-375

1995;**8**:191-195

[13] Zhang Y, Wang X, Jia H, Fu B, Xu R, Fu Q. Algal fouling and extracellular organic matter removal in powdered activated carbon-submerged hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane systems. Science of the Total Environment [Internet]. Elsevier BV; 2019;**671**: 351-361. Available from: http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.371

[14] Rodríguez O, Carlos J, Jáuregui JAA, Montoya AH, Fuentes HR, Ruiz FH, et al. Trace elements in fertilizers and manure used in organic and conventional

de Ciencias Agrícolas. 2014;**5**(4):695-701

[16] Vinnerås B, Agostini F, Jönsson H. Sanitation by composting. In: Microbes at Work. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer;

agricultura. Revista Mexicana

ija.2014.596

2010. pp. 171-191

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[18] Lung AJ, Lin CM, Kim JM, Marshall MR, Nordstedt R,

Thompson NP, et al. Destruction of *Escherichia coli* O157:H7 and *Salmonella enteritidis* in cow manure composting. Journal of Food Protection. 2001;**64**(9):

[19] Droffner ML, Brinton WF, Evans E. Evidence for the prominence of well characterized mesophilic bacteria in

[15] Pane C, Palese AM, Celano G, Zaccardelli M. Effects of compost tea treatments on productivity of lettuce and kohlrabi systems under organic cropping management. Italian Journal of Agronomy [Internet]. PAGEPress Publications; 2014;**9**(3):153. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/

**92**

1309-1314

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[30] de Melo BAG, Motta FL, Santana MHA. Humic acids: Structural properties and multiple functionalities for novel technological developments. Materials Science and Engineering: C. 2016;**62**:967-974

[31] García AC, De Souza LGA, Pereira MG, Castro RN, García-Mina JM, Zonta E, et al. Structure-propertyfunction relationship in humic substances to explain the biological activity in plants. Scientific Reports. 2016;**6**:20798

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[33] Olaetxea M, Mora V, García AC, Santos LA, Baigorri R, Fuentes M, et al. Root-shoot signaling crosstalk involved in the shoot growth promoting action of rhizospheric humic acids. Plant Signaling & Behavior. 2016;**11**(4):e1161878

[34] Veobides-Amador H, Guridi-Izquierdo F, Vázquez-Padrón V. Las sustancias húmicas Como bioestimulantes de plantas bajo condiciones de estrés ambiental. Cultivos Tropicales. 2018;**39**(4):102-109

[35] Van Oosten MJ, Pepe O, De Pascale S, Silletti S, Maggio A. The role of biostimulants and bioeffectors as alleviators of abiotic stress in crop

plants. Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture. 2017;**4**(1):5

[36] Mora V, Bacaicoa E, Zamarreno AM, Aguirre E, Garnica M, Fuentes M, et al. Action of humic acid on promotion of cucumber shoot growth involves nitrate-related changes associated with the root-to-shoot distribution of cytokinins, polyamines and mineral nutrients. Journal of Plant Physiology. 2010;**167**(8):633-642

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[38] Haghighi M, Teixeira Da Silva JA. Amendment of hydroponic nutrient solution with humic acid and glutamic acid in tomato (*Lycopersicon esculentum* Mill.) culture. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. 2013;**59**(4):642-648

[39] Maheshwari DK. Composting for Sustainable Agriculture. Cham, Switzerland: Springer; 2014. pp. 199-207

[40] Azim K, Soudi B, Boukhari S, Perissol C, Roussos S, Thami Alami I. Composting parameters and compost quality: A literature review. Organic Agriculture [Internet]. Springer Science and Business Media LLC; 2017;**8**(2): 141-158. Available from: http://dx.doi. org/10.1007/s13165-017-0180-z

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*Urban Horticulture - Necessity of the Future*

Management. Boca Raton, Florida, USA:

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2015;**51**(4):403-415

2019;**55**(3):199-208

rhizosphere: Beneficial influences of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on nutrient acquisition process. A review. Biology and Fertility of Soils.

[50] Nozhevnikova AN, Mironov VV, Botchkova EA, Litti YV, Russkova YI. Composition of a microbial community at different stages of composting and the prospects for compost production from municipal organic waste. Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology.

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[52] Mehnaz S. Azospirillum: A biofertilizer for every crop. In: Plant Microbes Symbiosis: Applied Facets. New Delhi: Springer; 2015. pp. 297-314

[53] Husen E. Screening of soil bacteria for plant growth promotion activities in vitro. Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science. 2016;**4**(1):27-31

[54] Jiménez-Gómez A, Menéndez E, Flores-Félix JD, García-Fraile P, Mateos PF, Rivas R. Effective colonization of spinach root surface by rhizobium. In: Biological Nitrogen Fixation and Beneficial Plant-Microbe Interaction. Cham: Springer; 2016.

[55] Arkhipova T, Galimsyanova N,

Sidorova L, Gabbasova I, et al. Effect of seed bacterization with plant growth-promoting bacteria on wheat productivity and phosphorus mobility in the rhizosphere. Plant, Soil and Environment [Internet]. Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences;

Kuzmina L, Vysotskaya L,

2019;**65**(6):313-319.

pp. 109-122

[43] Maheshwari DK, Dheeman S, Agarwal M. Phytohormone-producing PGPR for sustainable agriculture. In: Bacterial Metabolites in Sustainable Agroecosystem. Cham: Springer; 2015.

[44] Zhang H, Tan SN, Teo CH,

strategy of ultrasound-assisted extraction and solid-phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatography– tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta.

org/10.3389/fpls.2016.00047

[46] Camara MC, Vandenberghe LP, Rodrigues C, de Oliveira J, Faulds C, Bertrand E, et al. Current advances in gibberellic acid (GA 3) production, patented technologies and potential applications. Planta. 2018;**248**(5):

[47] Hwang I, Sheen J, Müller B. Cytokinin signaling networks. Annual Review of Plant Biology. 2012;**63**:

[49] Pii Y, Mimmo T, Tomasi N, Terzano R, Cesco S, Crecchio C.

[48] Berg G. Plant–microbe interactions promoting plant growth and health: Perspectives for controlled use of microorganisms in agriculture. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.

Yew YR, Ge L, Chen X, et al. Analysis of phytohormones in vermicompost using a novel combinative sample preparation

[45] Li S-B, Xie Z-Z, Hu C-G, Zhang J-Z. A review of auxin response factors (ARFs) in plants. Frontiers in Plant Science [Internet]. Frontiers Media SA; 2016;**7**:47. Available from: http://dx.doi.

In: Edwards CA, Arancon NQ, Sherman RL, editors. Vermiculture Technology: Earthworms, Organic Wastes, and Environmental

CRC Press; 2010

pp. 159-182

2015;**139**:189

1049-1062

353-380

2009;**84**(1):11-18

**94**

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[57] Dhungana SA, Itoh K. Effects of co-inoculation of Indole-3-acetic acid-producing and-degrading bacterial endophytes on plant growth. Horticulturae. 2019;**5**(1):17

[58] Nieto-Jacobo MF, Steyaert JM, Salazar-Badillo FB, Nguyen DV, Rostás M, Braithwaite M, et al. Environmental growth conditions of Trichoderma spp. affects indole acetic acid derivatives, volatile organic compounds, and plant growth promotion. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2017;**8**:102

[59] Cassán F, Diaz-Zorita M. Azospirillum sp. in current agriculture: From the laboratory to the field. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 2016;**103**: 117-130

[60] Tahir HA, Gu Q, Wu H, Raza W, Hanif A, Wu L, et al. Plant growth promotion by volatile organic compounds produced by *Bacillus subtilis* SYST2. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2017;**8**:171

[61] Nett RS, Contreras T, Peters RJ. Characterization of CYP115 as a gibberellin 3-oxidase indicates that certain rhizobia can produce bioactive gibberellin A4. ACS Chemical Biology. 2017;**12**(4):912-917

[62] You YH, Park JM, Kang SM, Park JH, Lee IJ, Kim JG. Plant growth promotion and gibberellin A3 production by *Aspergillus flavus* Y2H001. The Korean Journal of Mycology. 2015;**43**(3):200-205

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**97**

**Chapter 6**

**Abstract**

**1. Introduction**

young people.

traditional.

Installation of Vegetable Based

Roof Gardens in Schools From

Recyclable Materials: A Study

*Adriana Maria dos Santos, Mariana Paiva Baracuhy,* 

*Jackson Rômulo de Sousa Leite* 

*and Fabiana Terezinha Leal de Morais*

the activities performed by their own parents in the field.

**Keywords:** sustainability, waste, agriculture

*Dermeval Araújo Furtado, Romulo Wilker Neri de Andrade,* 

The study aimed to reflect on the socio-environmental issues and the action of the gardens in urban/school spaces, considering garden as a methodological instrument for the interdisciplinary activities related to family farming, using the descriptive methodology and study of literary review with proposals of gardens using recyclable materials depicted through images created using the software AutoCAD. Through the study, it was possible to plan gardens using recyclable materials in environments of small spaces. The crops employed will be vegetables for school meals. The activities carried out in the garden contribute to the change in the habits and attitudes of students regarding the perception they possess of nature, the formation of awareness of respect and care, the need to conserve the environment and stimulate the pursuit of improvement of quality of life in other ways of seeing

In view of the constant evolutions that technology imposes on agriculture and food production, especially in family farming associated with climatic phenomena, the uncertainties of an economically, socially, politically and technologically correct agriculture, as well as the absence of agricultural practices in the experience of young people in rural communities, raises a concern on the future of world agricul-

In Nigeria, the idea that agricultural activity, especially in rural areas, is undervalued and provides few benefits for its practitioners [2], prevails on the part of

Anjos and Caldas [3] cite that there is a very negative view populating the imagery of rural youths, a fact that, ultimately, reproduces the dominant stigma that rural spaces represent the place of "non-development", of the archaic, of the

ture and food production [1], with similar concerns occurring in Brazil.
