**6.3 Chemical method**

*Soil Moisture Importance*

**6. Saline soil management**

**6.1 Periodical monitoring and assessment by salinity mapping**

and used to distinguish various salinity classes [20–22]. Number of indices used for measure salinity.

**6.2 Physical management of saline soil**

rary toxic effect of salinity.

Various natural and anthropogenic factors which increase the deterioration, and severity of saline soil in order to reduce adverse effect, continuous monitoring and prediction is needed. Various quantitative and qualitative mapping done through multi-temporal and multi-spectral information from remote sensing is needed. Hyper spectral remote sensing: it is having number of narrow and continuous band provide a precise information about difference in halophytes and non halophytes

> ( ) ( ) ( ) *R NIR NDVI normalised difference salinity index R NIR*

i.**Scrapping:** Scrapping is followed in minimal land area where removal of salt accumulated topsoil in order to minimise the root zone salinity and tempo-

ii.**Subsoiling**: soil in deep layers having less salt content compared to above layers subsoiling breaks the top custard soil and make more permeable.

iii.**Deep ploughing**: chisel plough is needed for deep ploughing in order to

iv.**Levelling**: Levelling is to get uniform leaching entire land should be levelled

v.**Sand mixing:** In heavy clay soil permeability was very less. Application and mixing of sand in soil having clay content 30–40% increases the permeabil-

vi.**Leaching:** Dissolve and translocate the soluble salts in downwards below 45–60 cm. Based on the water availability and soil types the leaching method differentiated into two types continuous leaching and intermittent leaching. Intermittent leaching is done by after drain of previous leaching water another application takes place which is followed in were the scarcity of good

> ( ) 100 *iw dW EC Leaching requirement LR EC* = × (3)

increases the permeability for better leaching.

avoiding unnecessary wastage of water.

ity and get higher leaching efficiency.

quality water.

*Brightness index NIR* R2 . = +

where NIR, near infrared reflectance; R, red band; B, blue band.

<sup>−</sup> <sup>=</sup> <sup>+</sup>

*Salinity index B R* = × (2)

(1)

**112**

