**7. Conclusion**

*Soil Moisture Importance*

*6.4.3 Plant microbe interaction*

*Classification of microorganisms based on salinity tolerance [31].*

**Moderately sensitive (4-6 d Sm−1)**

Radish Grape Spinach Pear Soy Bean Cotton

**Table 2.**

(**Figure 1**) [27, 32–34].

Celery Tomato

*Classification of crops based on salinity tolerance.*

**Sensitive (0-4 d Sm−1)**

Citrus

**Table 3.**

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) which involves in alleviate the detrimental effect of saline soil by facilitate to satisfy the plants nutrient and water requirement (**Table 3**). AMF increases the nutrient uptake of P, N, Ca, Mg and Zn, maintains the K:Na ratio, accumulate osmolytes like proline, polyamine and antioxidents, physiological changes like increase cell permeability and increase in photosynthetic efficiency finally molecular changes like maintains the activity

Carrot Onion Oats Asparagus Cucumber Lettuce Cabbage Beet root Water melon Potato Safflower Barley Beans Rice Wheat Rye

**Moderately tolerant (6-8 d Sm−1)**

**Halophiles Tolerate up to (M-molar salt content)**

Non-halophiles <0.2 M Slightly halophiles 0.2–0.5 M Moderately halophiles 0.5–2.5 M Strongly halophiles 1.5–4.0 M Extremely halophiles 2.5–5.2 M

/H<sup>+</sup>

**Tolerant (8-12 d Sm−1)**

of transporters like Pht.1 (Phosphorus transpolar) and antiportors of Na<sup>+</sup>

*Physical management practices of salinity management: (a) deep ploughing and (b) mulching.*

**114**

**Figure 1.**

Salinity is a growing threat mainly by anthropogenic activities like improper utilisation of resources. Secondary salinisation cause major factor which decline the soil fertility and leads to reduction productivity of cultivable lands. Among the various management process leaching considered more economical and efficient method. Mulching which greatly reduces further build-up of soil salinity due to reduction in evapotranspiration. Irrigation water management like monitoring salinity of irrigation water, controlled irrigation and blend with good quality water give an acceptable result on salinity management. Salinity of soil is not static, so proper monitoring and management of saline soil is required to get towards a step of global food security. A sustainable way to remediate a saline soil is still to be achievable. The knowledge regards the saline soil is needed for better work on it.
