**3.2 Respiratory intake**

Respiration of pure oxygen plays a vital role in an organism's growth and development since it ensures proper functioning of various organs in the organism. But, respiration of air admixture with toxicants causes various abnormalities such as abrupt behavioral changes and degradation of learning ability [15]. Pesticide formulations like, dust and fumigants travels through the air called 'drift' can either be carried out onto the body surface of foraging bees or can be absorbed through trachea (respiratory organs) in sufficient concentrations to be toxic to the bees (**Table 1**).


**Table 1.**

*Pollen gathering by bees after anesthetic treatments.*
