**Author details**

*Emerging Technologies, Environment and Research for Sustainable Aquaculture*

exposure of NPs to hydra led to a significant increase in NP accumulation which was still detected after 24 h depuration period in clean media. Hydrae exposed to NPs were more fragile and lost some antennae during depuration. The exposure also led to increased levels in neutral lipids, oxidative stress and xenobiotic conjugating activity which was also detected after 24 h depuration. NPs are bioavailable to hydra and produce morphological changes and sublethal effects such as oxidative stress.

*Cluster analyses of biomarker data in* Hydra attenuata *exposed to NPs. The biomarker responses were analysed using cluster analysis with the Euclidian methodology for distances (horizontal axis). The analysis for 50 nm* 

The authors thank Pascale Gagnon from the Quebec Bioanalytical Laboratory of Environment and Climate Change Canada for performing the hydra exposure tests.

**58**

**Acknowledgements**

*(A) and 100 nm (B) NPs is shown.*

**Figure 5.**

Joëlle Auclair1 , Brian Quinn<sup>2</sup> and François Gagné1 \*

1 Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Québec, Canada

2 School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Scotland, United Kingdom

\*Address all correspondence to: francois.gagne@canada.ca

© 2019 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
