**3. New innovation method in seaweed cultivation**

Floating cage is a technological design that functions as a seaweed cultivation tool. This cultivation tool can protect seaweed from pests while reducing the potential for ice–ice disease [16, 29, 30]. Various sizes and shapes were developed as tools that can be used for seaweed cultivation. The basic materials of floating cages include PVC pipes, nets equipped with buoys as markers, and weights attached to the raft to facilitate the laying of the raft in the desired area. The shape of the tool is designed like a rectangular box with varied sizes. The surface of the raft is left

**Figure 2.** *Illustration of floating cage that was used during research (a). Thallus of* K. alvarezii *inside the floating cage (B).*

open, while the bottom and all sides are covered using a multifilament net with a mesh size of 1 cm [31]. The process of seaweed cultivation in floating cages is done by spreading seaweed directly in floating cage without binding. In the harvesting process, floating cage can be directly drawn to the shallower parts of the coast so that the harvesting process can be more easily done (**Figure 2**).
