Preface

The analysis of nucleic acids has applications in several fields. In agriculture, it has been used to develop organisms (plant or animal) with improved characteristics. In medicine, it has been used to identify changes in the structure of DNA, hereditary or acquired, which predict or lead to the appearance of numerous pathological conditions. Across the world, techniques based on nucleic acid analysis are used in medical diagnostic laboratories because once standardized, they can provide accurate results in a very short time. Some of these functional studies can even be performed with samples commonly found in clinical pathology laboratories. Also, DNA-based methods are used in microbiology, ecology, food science, and forensics. Continuous improvements in technology coupled with creative minds seeking to understand the inner workings of the cell have begun to unravel the importance of genome-wide coding variation.

The first section of this book is a collection of chapters covering experimental methods used in molecular biology, the techniques adjacent to these methods, and the steps of analysis before and after obtaining raw DNA data. This section also includes examples of practical applications from different fields, including bioinformatics.

In the second section of this book, the chapters cover the parameters of analytical methods and chromatography techniques for the identification, separation, purification, and quantitative estimation of complex mixtures of organic compounds. In addition, the analytical method is suitable for the quantitative estimation of targeted analytes present in pharmaceutical drugs thus playing a vital role in the development and manufacture of pharmaceuticals. Also, this section discusses how the sample preparation is one of the most labor-intensive and time-consuming operations in sample analysis. The section also presents efficient micro sample preparation techniques for high-performance liquid chromatography, especially online automated in-tube solid phase microextraction (IT-SPME). Moreover, this section covers one of the industrial applications for ion chromatography via preparation of an organic–inorganic composite using the sol– gel process to improve the cation exchanger's properties and efficiency.

The editors of this book wish to thank the authors for their valuable contributions. We would also like to thank Author Service Manager Mrs. Dolores Kuzelj and Commissioning Editor Mrs. Iva Simcic. Their help and professionalism made this book project possible.

**II**

**Chapter 8 131**

Methods of Molecules Chemical Analysis **143**

**Chapter 9 145**

**Chapter 10 165**

**Chapter 11 187**

The Chemistry Behind Plant DNA Isolation Protocols

Principles of Chromatography Method Development *by Narasimha S. Lakka and Chandrasekar Kuppan*

*by Hiroyuki Kataoka, Atsushi Ishizaki and Keita Saito*

**Section 2**

Liquid Chromatography

*by Nainar Kohila, Kasi Sathiyaseelan* 

*and Mariyathanislas Sagaya Lourdhu Sumithra*

Ion Exchanger

*by Jina Heikrujam, Rajkumar Kishor and Pranab Behari Mazumder*

Online Automated Micro Sample Preparation for High-Performance

Preparation, Characterization and Ion-Exchange Properties of an Organic-Inorganic Composite Cation Exchanger: Polyaniline-Bi(III) Iodovanadate and Catalytic Properties of Bi(III) Iodovanadate Inorganic

> **Dr. Eng. Oana-Maria Boldura** Assistant Professor, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael I of Romania", Timisoara, Romania,

#### **Dr. Cornel Baltă, MD, DVM**

Institute of Life Sciences, "Vasile Goldis" Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania

> Emergency County Clinical Hospital, Arad, Romania

#### **Dr. Nasser Sayed Awwad**

Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia

**1**

Section 1

DNA Based Molecular

Tools

## Section 1
