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## Meet the editors

Assist. Prof. Dr. Eng. Oana-Maria Boldura is licensed in Genetic Engineering with specialization in Molecular Biology (2005). He has an MSc in Genetic Manipulation (2007) and Pharmacy (2014) and a PhD in Biotechnology (2010). Since 2015 he has been Assistant Professor at Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael I of Romania" Timisoara, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department

of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. He is also a researcher in the "Horia Cernescu" Research Unit. His main scientific competences are in the fields of molecular biology, biotechnology, genomics, and biosecurity with technical aptitudes in manipulation and experimentation of nucleic acids and proteins (purification, sequencing, gene expression studies, SDS-PAGE analysis of protein fractions, "Lab-on-chip" electrophoresis, and immunological testing). His areas of interest include molecular forensic methods and apoptotic process pathways.

Dr. Cornel Baltă, MD, DVM, is a licensed veterinarian with both a PhD and MD in Veterinary Medicine. He is a researcher at the Institute of Life Sciences, at "Vasile Goldis" Western University Arad, Romania. Dr. Baltă's main scientific competences are in the fields of laboratory animals, molecular biology, physiology, histology, and clinical Laboratory. He has technical aptitudes in nucleic acid examination by electrophoresis techniques, PCR and

qPCR, and qualitative and quantitative determination of proteins by Western Blot and microelectrophoresis. His areas of interest include molecular mechanisms involved in the evolution of liver and gastrointestinal diseases, and bone regeneration and remodeling using different types of polymers.

Dr. Nasser Sayed Awwad obtained a PhD in Inorganic and Radiochemistry from Ain Shams University in 2000 and a postdoctorate degree from Sandia National Labs, Albuquerque, New Mexico, in 2004. He was Associate Professor of Radiochemistry in 2006 and Professor of Inorganic and Radiochemistry in 2011. Currently he is a professor at King Khalid University (KKU), Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. He has published two book

chapters, edited and coedited several books, and published seventy-five papers in indexed journals. He has supervised MSc and PhD students in Radioactive and Wastewater Treatment. He participated in twenty-six international conferences in South Korea, the United States, Lebanon, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and Egypt. He participated in six big projects with King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and Sandia National Labs, Albuquerque, New Mexico, about the conditioning of radioactive sealed sources for wastewater treatment. Dr. Awwad is a leader of two research groups about utilization of nanomaterials for treatment of inorganic and organic pollutants and the influence of dand f- block elements interactions with drugs on its bioactivities. He is a member of the Arab Society of Forensic Sciences and Forensic Medicine, the American Chemical Society, and the Permanent Committee for the Development of Scientific Research Strategies and Policies and Committee for the Development of International Cooperation Management, both at KKU. He is also Rapporteur of the Permanent Committee for Nuclear and Radiological Protection and Rapporteur of the Permanent Committee of the Center of Talent and Innovation and Entrepreneurship, both at KKU. He is also head of the Scientific Research and International Cooperation Unit, Faculty of Science, KKU.

Contents

**Section 1**

and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

*by Alice Abdel Aleem*

**Preface XI**

DNA Based Molecular Tools **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

**Chapter 2 17**

**Chapter 3 43**

**Chapter 4 61**

**Chapter 5 85**

**Chapter 6 97**

**Chapter 7 111**

Detection of the Species Composition of Food Using Mitochondrial DNA:

Molecular Markers and Their Optimization: Addressing the Problems

Ambient Biobanking Solutions for Whole Blood Sampling,

*by Armaity Nasarabadi Fouts, Alejandro Romero, James Nelson,* 

Latest Implications of Next-Gen Sequencing in Diagnosis of Acute

*by Oana Maria Boldura, Cristina Petrine, Alin Mihu and Cornel Balta*

DNA Sequencing Resolves Misdiagnosed and Rare Genetic Disorders

Biological Evidence Analysis in Cases of Sexual Assault *by Benito Ramos González, Miranda Córdova Mercado, Orlando Salas Salas, Juan Carlos Hernández Reyes, Martín Guardiola Ramos, Elton Solis Esquivel, Gerardo Castellanos Aguilar and Porfirio Diaz Torres*

Molecular Tools for Gene Analysis in Fission Yeast

Challenges and Possibilities of a Modern Laboratory *by Małgorzata Natonek-Wiśniewska and Piotr Krzyścin*

of Nonhomology Using Decapod COI Gene *by Deepak Jose and Mahadevan Harikrishnan*

Transportation, and Extraction

*Mike Hogan and Shanavaz Nasarabadi*

*Francisca Sosa-Jurado, Nancy Martínez-Montiel,* 

*by Irma Pilar Herrera-Camacho, Lourdes Millán-Pérez-Peña,* 

*Rebeca Débora Martínez-Contreras and Nora Hilda Rosas Murrieta*

## Contents



Preface

The analysis of nucleic acids has applications in several fields. In agriculture, it has been used to develop organisms (plant or animal) with improved characteristics. In medicine, it has been used to identify changes in the structure of DNA, hereditary or acquired, which predict or lead to the appearance of numerous pathological conditions. Across the world, techniques based on nucleic acid analysis are used in medical diagnostic laboratories because once standardized, they can provide accurate results in a very short time. Some of these functional studies can even be performed with samples commonly found in clinical pathology laboratories. Also, DNA-based methods are used in microbiology, ecology, food science, and forensics. Continuous improvements in technology coupled with creative minds seeking to understand the inner workings of the cell have begun to unravel the importance of genome-wide coding variation.

The first section of this book is a collection of chapters covering experimental

methods used in molecular biology, the techniques adjacent to these methods, and the steps of analysis before and after obtaining raw DNA data. This section also includes examples of practical applications from different fields, including bioinformatics.

In the second section of this book, the chapters cover the parameters of analytical methods and chromatography techniques for the identification, separation, purification, and quantitative estimation of complex mixtures of organic compounds. In addition, the analytical method is suitable for the quantitative estimation of targeted analytes present in pharmaceutical drugs thus playing a vital role in the development and manufacture of pharmaceuticals. Also, this section discusses how the sample preparation is one of the most labor-intensive and time-consuming operations in sample analysis. The section also presents efficient micro sample preparation techniques for high-performance liquid chromatography, especially online automated in-tube solid phase microextraction (IT-SPME). Moreover, this section covers one of the industrial applications for ion chromatography via preparation of an organic–inorganic composite using the sol–

gel process to improve the cation exchanger's properties and efficiency.

book project possible.

The editors of this book wish to thank the authors for their valuable contributions. We would also like to thank Author Service Manager Mrs. Dolores Kuzelj and Commissioning Editor Mrs. Iva Simcic. Their help and professionalism made this

**Dr. Eng. Oana-Maria Boldura**

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,

"King Michael I of Romania",

Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine

Assistant Professor,

Timisoara, Romania,
