**4.2 Engineering measures for management of medium and deep ravine land**

About two third of the ravine lands in the country are deep ravines 3–9 m or more with varying width and slope and cannot be easily reclaimed with simple earth moving machinery for cultivation of crops. The management of deep ravines instigates with designing and instituting a series of composite check dams in the gully bed. The construction of gully plug at regular interval with provision for safe disposal of runoff assists in stabilization of gully bed, which can be alternatively utilized for raising crops tolerant to water logging. The easing of gully is required in deep gully to prevent caving action against steep slope due to runoff and protect the adjoining marginal land to collapse inside the gully due to unstable slope. The medium and deep gully can be reclaimed by terracing and or trenching for conservation of runoff, soil loss, associated nutrients and stabilize the steep slopes with time.
