**Author details**

Gaurav Singh1 \*, Raj Kumar2 , Dinesh Jinger1 and Dinesh Dhakshanamoorthy1

1 ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Research Centre-Vasad, Anand, Gujarat, India

2 ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India

\*Address all correspondence to: gaurav.bhu09@gmail.com

© 2020 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**193**

*Ecological Engineering Measures for Ravine Slope Stabilization and Its Sustainable Productive…*

National Commission on Agriculture, Government of India, Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation, New Delhi.

[7] Dhruva Narayana V.V. (1993) Soil and water conservation research in India. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Pusa, New Delhi. p. 454.

[9] Tejwani, K.G. and Dhruva Narayana, V.V. (1961). Soil conservation survey and land use capability planning in the ravine lands of Gujarat. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science, 9(4), 233-244.

[10] Kurothe, R.S., Singh, H.B., Tiwari, S.P., Pande, V.C., Bagdi, G.L., Sena, D.R., Vishvakarma A.K. & Kumar, G. (2013). Fifty years of research in soil and water conservation. CSWCRTI, Research Centre, Vasad, India, pp. 10-100.

[11] Tejwani, K.G., Gupta S.K. and Mathur, H.N. (1975). Soil and water conservation research in India. (1956-71) I.C.A.R. Publication, New Delhi, India,

[12] Singh, B. and Verma, B. (1971) A comparative study of the economics of various soil conservation-cumgrass land improvement practices for rejuvenating forage production in ravine lands, (Forage production). Indian

[13] Kurothe, R.S., Samra, J.S., Samarth, R.M. (1999). Optimum design of contour bunds for Navamota watershed (Gujarat)–a case study. Indian J. Soil

Forester, 97 (6): 315-321.

Conserv, 27(1), 17-21.

pp. 254-310.

[8] Sikka, A.K., Mishra, P.K., Singh, R.K., Rao, B.K., Islam, A. (2018). Technological Interventions for Managing Ravine Lands for Livelihood and Environmental Security. In Ravine Lands: Greening for Livelihood and Environmental Security. pp. 217-236.

Springer, Singapore.

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94136*

[1] Soni, M.L., Subbulakshmi, V., Renjith, P.S., Dagar, J.C., Yadava, N.D. (2018). Reclamation of Ravine Lands for Higher Production. In Ravine Lands: Greening for Livelihood and Environmental Security. pp. 279-307.

[2] Pande, V.C., Kurothe, R.S., Singh, H.B., Rao, B.K., Kumar, G., Bhatnagar, P.R. (2018). Socio-economic and Conservation Measures in Ravineaffected Areas of Gujarat: Policy

Interventions. In Ravine Lands: Greening for Livelihood and Environmental Security. pp. 591-600. Springer,

[3] Kumar, R., Bhardwaj, A.K., Rao, B.K., Vishavkarma, A.K., Bhatnagar, P.R., Patra, S., Kumar, G., Kakade, V., Dinesh, D., Pande, V.C., Singh, G., Dobhal, S., Sharma, N.K. (2020a) Development of degraded ravine lands of Western India via Sapota (Achras zapota) plantation with terracing vs. trenching on slope based conservation measures. Land Degradation & Development. DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.3691.

[4] Kumar, R., Bhatnagar, P.R., Kakade, V., Dobhal, S. (2020b). Tree plantation and soil water conservation enhances climate resilience and carbon sequestration of agro ecosystem in semi-arid degraded ravine lands. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 282, 107857.https://doi. org/10.1016/j.

agrformet.2019.107857.

271. Springer, New Delhi.

[5] Chaturvedi, O. P., Kaushal, R., Tomar, J. M. S., Prandiyal, A. K., & Panwar, P. (2014). Agroforestry for wasteland rehabilitation: mined, ravine, and degraded watershed areas. In

Agroforestry Systems in India: Livelihood Security & Ecosystem Services. pp. 233-

[6] GoI (1976) Report of the National Commission on Agriculture 1976.

**References**

Springer, Singapore.

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*Ecological Engineering Measures for Ravine Slope Stabilization and Its Sustainable Productive… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94136*
