**6. Conclusion and recommendations**

To ensure the stability of the Tunnel face and minimize its stress concentrations and deformations; the exploitation of this study's results with the inclusion of

*Slope Engineering*

**8**

**Figure 7.**

**Figure 6.** *Model and meshing.*

*Uz displacement curves based on the attack section R.*

We studied the horizontal displacement of the solid rock in vertical section for

**5.3 Horizontal displacements**

all cases of attack sections.

**11**

**Author details**

and Oussama Kessal5

Bordj Bou Arréridj, Algeria

, Abdelghani Brikat<sup>2</sup>

1 Mohamed Boudiaf University, M'Sila, Algeria

3 Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey

4 Environmental Research Center, Annaba, Algeria

\*Address all correspondence to: benselhoub@yahoo.fr

provided the original work is properly cited.

2 Badji Mokhtar University, Annaba, Algeria

, Ali Ismet Kanlı3

5 Mohammed El-Bachir Ibrahimi University of Bordj Bou Arréridj, El-Anasser,

© 2021 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,

, Aissa Benselhoub4

\*

Adel Aissi1

*Design and Construction for Tunnel Face Stability: Theoretical and Modeling Approach*

geometric and geological conditions traversed by the tunnel, we recommend the

• The change in the advancement method in divided sections when terrain features are insufficient to ensure the necessary stability to the face. This method is adopted when the excavation cannot be performed in full section.

• The chart below (**Figure 10**) shows the progress detailed in the proposed

It is suggested that the technique proposed maybe used for construction considerations under complication geological condition which satisfactory effect

Applying pressure on the supporting σ\_T on the Tunnel face to reduce its defor-

σ≈ ≈ <sup>T</sup> 0,7 untill 1,3 (MPa).

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96277*

mation, of which values interval should be:

following points:

divided section.

in engineering practice.

**Figure 10.** *Staged construction with divided section.*

*Design and Construction for Tunnel Face Stability: Theoretical and Modeling Approach DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96277*

geometric and geological conditions traversed by the tunnel, we recommend the following points:


Applying pressure on the supporting σ\_T on the Tunnel face to reduce its deformation, of which values interval should be:

$$
\sigma\_{\mathbb{T}} \epsilon \left[ \approx \mathbf{0}, \mathsf{T} \text{ until} \approx \mathbf{1}, \mathsf{3} \right] \text{ (MPa)}.
$$

It is suggested that the technique proposed maybe used for construction considerations under complication geological condition which satisfactory effect in engineering practice.
