Preface

This book discusses slope engineering, which involves the study and analysis of slope instability problems to safeguard the public and environment as well as the lifelong serviceability of any associated and adjacent structures or infrastructures. Landslides and other gravity-stimulated mass movements are important and costly problems of continual concern for slope engineers. These engineers must pay particular attention to geology, surface drainage, groundwater, and the shear strength of soils in assessing slope stability. Slope engineering projects are frequently located on or near the sloping ground, potentially subject to various kinds of instability such as slides, flows, and falls. These failures produce extensive property damage and occasionally result in loss of life. Therefore, it is frequently necessary to evaluate existing and proposed slopes to assess their stability.

Chapters in this volume cover such topics as remote sensing in landslide detection, tunnel face stability, stability analysis and maintenance of cut slopes, design techniques in rock and soil engineering, statistical models for landslide risk mapping, slope stability analysis in open-pit mines, ecological engineering for slope stabilization, and asphalt-stabilized strengthening in open-pit coal mining.

**II**

**Chapter 8 157**

**Chapter 9 179**

Integrated Analysis Method for Stability Analysis and Maintenance

Ecological Engineering Measures for Ravine Slope Stabilization and

*by Gaurav Singh, Raj Kumar, Dinesh Jinger and Dinesh Dhakshanamoorthy*

*by Mincheol Park, Heuisoo Han and Yoonhwa Jin*

Its Sustainable Productive Utilization

of Cut-Slope in Urban

**Ali Ismet Kanlı Ph.d.**

Professor of Geophysics, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Geophysical Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Turkey

**1**

**Chapter 1**

**Abstract**

Design and Construction for

and Modeling Approach

*Aissa Benselhoub and Oussama Kessal*

dations for overcoming this problem.

techniques of tunnels face were used:

2.The technique of shotcrete.

HST Link Roma – Fiorenze(Italy);

soil characteristics, excavation

**1. Introduction**

*Adel Aissi, Abdelghani Brikat, Ali Ismet Kanlı,* 

Tunnel Face Stability: Theoretical

Tunneling is considered to be among the most important projects in all countries

worldwide. However, interspersed, some tunnels rise to problems of instability during excavation. This chapter is a case study of the tunnel of "Djebel El Kantour" which is part of the East–West Algerian Highway. Face stability is the most critical problems that affect the subject of our research. This study is carried out via analytical and numerical methods based on the instability relationship, characteristics of the ground and the geometry of the tunnel, to draw conclusions and recommen-

The instability problem of the tunnel face has occurred during the construction of several tunnels in the world (STEFANO Tunnel 1984, TASSO Tunnel 1988, VASTO Tunnel 1991, recognition gallery of St Martin-de-La Porte 2001). This problem has been reported many times in Algeria (Algiers Metro Tunnel 2000, Djebel El Kantour Tunnel in Skikda 2010 and Djebel El Ouhach Tunnel in Constantine 2011). Several studies have been conducted in this regard: [1–3], and various stabilization

1.Fiberglass method of FIT (injection tube) was applied for the first time in 1988

The tunnel face is located at kilometer point (KP 230 + 586.5), which is located inside the tunnel of «Djebel El Kantour". The main problem in this tunnel is the instability of the face which was reported since the beginning of the project, especially in northern the tunnel because of two key factors: the quality of the ground (Marly sandstone clay) and low coverage. In this research finite element simulation were conducted using the software ANSYSE in order take into account the staged

**Keywords:** replace stability, tunnel face, convergence, confinement,
