3. Burden of theoretical analysis

Theoretical physicists were the creators of modern science and still are; it is their responsibility in part to correct what they have done to the physics recently. However, they seem to know precisely that some of their analytical solutions were irrational and spooky as have been noted by Einstein, a century ago. Yet they have not tried hard enough to find out the cause, continuingly producing those dysfunctional solutions and pretending there are real and existing within our universe, for which we have seen scores of fictitious sciences emerged as orchestrated by their ambition; that has become the mainstream of scientific research topics, for example, quantum supremacy in computing, granular time variable, curving time–space, repeated cyclic universal, and so on, in which none of them, as will be shown in subsequent discussion, actually existed with our temporal (t > 0)

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The fact is that it is not how rigorous the mathematics (or computer simulation) is; it is the essence of a physical realizable paradigm. For instance, virtual empty space model (i.e., a mathematical space) has been used over centuries by a score of world-renowned scientists and theoretical physicists at the dawn of science. And the empty space paradigm is still used today by the theoretical physicists, "inadvertently" not knowing it is a virtual subspace not existing within our universe. As we have seen, empty space paradigm has provided not just for theoretical physicists and all of us with an impressive account of viable solutions. Since the virtual emptiness subspace comes very naturally on a piece of scratched paper but not knowing the physics behind the shadow of mathematical model is a physically unreal subspace suppose "not" to be used, but unintentionally we have been using it

Until recently, I have discovered a nonphysical solution had been derived from an atomic model that had been drawn on a piece of scratch paper over a century ago [1] of which a paradox of Schrödinger's cat [2, 3] emerged. Although empty space paradigm has given scores of applicable results, it has also produced many solutions that are irrational and strange that Einstein called them spooky. And these must be the physical evidential results that have been suggested; something is very wrong in view of all the illogical consequences, as in contrast with the physical reality. But to remedy the spookiness comments from one of the world's most prestigious scientists at that time, theoretical physicists come up a very convincing answer; particles behave strangely in micro space as in contrast within macro space environment, although micro particles have been successfully applied in macro space. And this must be the powerful and convincing justifiable reason, discouraging for further investigation, although intensive debates have been started by Einstein, Bohr, Schrödinger, and many others in a scientific forum at Copenhagen in 1935 [3], and the paradox of Schrödinger's cat is still lingering today. Late Richard Feynman has said that: "After you have learned quantum mechanics, you really do not understand quantum mechanics" [4]. But most of the theoretical physicists still believe their solutions are physically real, since a score of their solutions have been suc-

Although I am not a physicist, I have found a score of solutions as obtained from an empty space paradigm are timeless (t = 0) recently [5, 6]; strictly speaking one should not implement timeless (t = 0) solutions directly within our temporal (t > 0) space, such as superposition principle of quantum mechanics [2, 3]. Nevertheless, some timeless (t = 0) solutions can be used, but not directly plunged, into our temporal (t > 0) universe, such as Einstein energy equation [7] as I will show later.

since the beginning of science, because science is also mathematics.

universe.

2. Evidences

cessfully applied in practice.

124

As we know, physics is physically real and mathematics is abstractly virtual. However, it is not how fancy mathematics is compared to physics that guarantees her analytical solution is physically real. It is her physical realizable paradigm that determines her solution is physical realizable. In other words, if one uses an empty subspace model to evaluate a physical problem, then very likely her analytical solution will be timeless (t = 0). For example, using Schrödinger wave equation to analyze the quantum dynamic behavior of a particle, then the particle dynamic solution will be timeless (t = 0) with respect to the empty space of the model, since empty space is a timeless space.

For instances; in view of all the sophisticated mathematics such as; Hilbert space, Banach space, Riemann surface, topological spaces, group theory and others have been used by theoretical physicists, but without any physical evidence to support the solutions are physical real. Besides all those fancy mathematics were not originated by theoretical physicists but by a group of abstract mathematicians, in which we see that theoretical physics is actually an "applied" mathematics or simply mathematics.

Since theoretical physics is mathematics, the burden on their shoulders is to provide us with physically real solutions for practical implementation. Yet they have been persistently giving us the virtual fictitious solutions, even though they knew some of their results are irrational and spooky as noted by Einstein a century ago!

It seems to me it is kind of out of control; we have seen fictitious sciences added with very convincing computer animations becoming the mainstream of current topics of science. Therefore it is an urgent responsibility for the theoretical physicists to bring back the theoretical physics to reality, since the origin of physics was started by theoretical physicists.

### 3.1 Subspaces

Before illustrating the consequences as will be used for analytical solution, such as from virtual mathematical empty space paradigm, I would introduce several subspaces that have been used by the theoretical physicists in the past and present, as depicted in Figure 1.

In this figure we see an absolute-empty space, a mathematical virtual space, a Newtonian's space, and a temporal (t > 0) space. An absolute-empty space or just empty space has no substance and has no time. A mathematical virtual space is an empty space which has no substance in it, but a mathematician can assume coordinates in it, since mathematics is a virtual space. Although this virtual mathematical space has been extensively used by scientists, theoretical physicists, and others since the birth of science, it is an abstract space that does not exist within our temporal (i.e., t > 0) space. The next subspace is known as Newtonian space [8]; it has substance and coordinates in it but treated time as an "independent" variable. But Newtonian space does not actually exist within our temporal (t > 0) space, since time and substance are mutually coexisting within our temporal (t > 0) universe. The last subspace is known as temporal (t > 0) space [5, 6], where time and substance are interdependent or coexisting, in which we note that time is a forward

#### Figure 1.

(a) An absolute-empty space, (b) a virtual mathematical space, (c) a Newtonian space, and (d) a temporal (t > 0) space.

"independent" variable moving at a constant speed dictated by the speed of light. I stress that this temporal (t > 0) subspace is the "only" viable physical realizable space at this time, of which temporal (t > 0) space is created by the current laws of physics as derived from Einstein's theory of relativity [7].

A physical fact is that any analytical solution that deviates away from the constraints as imposed by our temporal (t > 0) universe is not a physically real solution. But this does not mean that the virtual mathematical empty space and Newtonian space are useless. On the contrary, they have been the cornerstones of physics, giving us the wisdom of science, from virtual space, Newtonian space, to temporal universe as presented in Figure 1(b)–(d), respectively.

In subsequent sections, I will show severe adverse consequences have been done in the theoretical physics, for which I will show that many of their solutions and conjectures "only" exist within a timeless (t = 0) virtual space, which does not exist

A set of atomic models embedded within virtual empty subspaces (a) shows a singularity approximated atomic model is situated within an empty space, which has no coordinate system, and (b) shows an atomic model is

As from my knowledge, theoretical physics was built from a mathematical empty subspace, in which we had assumed the deep space within our universe is absolutely empty, which includes time. Since we have had experienced the existence of gravitational fields and electromagnetic wave, it tells us the deep space within our universe is "not" an empty space. In fact every subspace within our universe is temporal (t > 0), which includes substances not the particle like. Yet, emptiness within the deep space is still lingering, which causes serious problems as science moves on to a finer scale of particle size and higher level of abstraction, such as quantum mechanics, particle physics, and cosmology. Over a century of modern physics, yet we have "inadvertently" been using the same mathematical virtual paradigm for solution, not knowing the shadow background (e.g., a piece of white scratch paper) model is timeless (t = 0), although "all" the

laws of science practically were developed from an empty virtual space.

8π2m

where m is the rest mass and c is the velocity of light.

∂2 ψ ∂x<sup>2</sup> þ

Let me illustrate what a timeless (t = 0) physical law is, for which I take two of the most famous equations in modern physics, Einstein's energy equation [7] and the Schrödinger equation [2, 7], for examples. One has been used for the creation of our temporal (t > 0) universe [5, 9], and the other has many practical applications in high-speed Internet communication and computing as given by,

<sup>E</sup> <sup>¼</sup> mc2 (1)

<sup>h</sup><sup>2</sup> ð Þ <sup>E</sup> � <sup>V</sup> <sup>ψ</sup> <sup>¼</sup> <sup>0</sup> (2)

within our temporal (t > 0) universe.

embedded within an empty space that has a coordinate system drawn into it.

What Is "Wrong" with Current Theoretical Physicists? DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90058

3.3 Timeless (t = 0) solution

Figure 2.

respectively,

127

There is however a difference in context between timeless (t = 0) space and time-independent variable Newtonian space. Timeless (t = 0) space means that a virtual subspace existed with no time (i.e., t = 0) where time is "not" a variable, while Newtonian space means that a space existed at any time where time is an independent variable. And again, temporal (t > 0) space means that a space coexisted with time, where time is a constant forward variable and its velocity is already settled by the speed of light.

#### 3.2 Virtual mathematical spaces

Since virtual space has caused fictitious solution in science, I will take this opportunity to show what a mathematical virtual space is, as depicted in Figure 2. Firstly, theoretical physicists are applied mathematicians; they can draw or implant coordinate systems within an empty space they wish, despite the model being physically unrealizable.

In Figure 2(a), we see that a singularity approximated atomic model is embedded within an empty subspace, which has no dimension, no size, and no time. The difference of Figure 2(b) is that there is a virtual coordinate system that has been added in, by particle physicists, since physicists are mathematicians.

Once the coordinate system is implanted, mathematically speaking, dimension as well the sizes for all the subatomic particles cannot be ignored. But for simplicity, we can ignore the size for the time being, but not the separation between particles, since distance is time and time is distance. I have also found that with the coordinate system, we have "inadvertently" assumed time is an "independent variable" as contrasted with temporal space, where time is a "dependent" variable.

We note that since the beginning of science, we have virtually used these two mathematical paradigms for analyses, not knowing the empty space that we have used is "not" a physically realizable subspace.

What Is "Wrong" with Current Theoretical Physicists? DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90058

#### Figure 2.

"independent" variable moving at a constant speed dictated by the speed of light. I stress that this temporal (t > 0) subspace is the "only" viable physical realizable space at this time, of which temporal (t > 0) space is created by the current laws of

(a) An absolute-empty space, (b) a virtual mathematical space, (c) a Newtonian space, and (d) a temporal

A physical fact is that any analytical solution that deviates away from the constraints as imposed by our temporal (t > 0) universe is not a physically real solution. But this does not mean that the virtual mathematical empty space and Newtonian space are useless. On the contrary, they have been the cornerstones of physics, giving us the wisdom of science, from virtual space, Newtonian space, to temporal

There is however a difference in context between timeless (t = 0) space and time-independent variable Newtonian space. Timeless (t = 0) space means that a virtual subspace existed with no time (i.e., t = 0) where time is "not" a variable, while Newtonian space means that a space existed at any time where time is an independent variable. And again, temporal (t > 0) space means that a space coexisted with time, where time is a constant forward variable and its velocity is

Since virtual space has caused fictitious solution in science, I will take this opportunity to show what a mathematical virtual space is, as depicted in Figure 2. Firstly, theoretical physicists are applied mathematicians; they can draw or implant coordinate systems within an empty space they wish, despite the model being

In Figure 2(a), we see that a singularity approximated atomic model is embedded within an empty subspace, which has no dimension, no size, and no time. The difference of Figure 2(b) is that there is a virtual coordinate system that has been

Once the coordinate system is implanted, mathematically speaking, dimension as well the sizes for all the subatomic particles cannot be ignored. But for simplicity, we can ignore the size for the time being, but not the separation between particles, since distance is time and time is distance. I have also found that with the coordinate system, we have "inadvertently" assumed time is an "independent variable" as

We note that since the beginning of science, we have virtually used these two mathematical paradigms for analyses, not knowing the empty space that we have

added in, by particle physicists, since physicists are mathematicians.

contrasted with temporal space, where time is a "dependent" variable.

used is "not" a physically realizable subspace.

physics as derived from Einstein's theory of relativity [7].

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universe as presented in Figure 1(b)–(d), respectively.

already settled by the speed of light.

3.2 Virtual mathematical spaces

physically unrealizable.

126

Figure 1.

(t > 0) space.

A set of atomic models embedded within virtual empty subspaces (a) shows a singularity approximated atomic model is situated within an empty space, which has no coordinate system, and (b) shows an atomic model is embedded within an empty space that has a coordinate system drawn into it.

In subsequent sections, I will show severe adverse consequences have been done in the theoretical physics, for which I will show that many of their solutions and conjectures "only" exist within a timeless (t = 0) virtual space, which does not exist within our temporal (t > 0) universe.

#### 3.3 Timeless (t = 0) solution

As from my knowledge, theoretical physics was built from a mathematical empty subspace, in which we had assumed the deep space within our universe is absolutely empty, which includes time. Since we have had experienced the existence of gravitational fields and electromagnetic wave, it tells us the deep space within our universe is "not" an empty space. In fact every subspace within our universe is temporal (t > 0), which includes substances not the particle like.

Yet, emptiness within the deep space is still lingering, which causes serious problems as science moves on to a finer scale of particle size and higher level of abstraction, such as quantum mechanics, particle physics, and cosmology. Over a century of modern physics, yet we have "inadvertently" been using the same mathematical virtual paradigm for solution, not knowing the shadow background (e.g., a piece of white scratch paper) model is timeless (t = 0), although "all" the laws of science practically were developed from an empty virtual space.

Let me illustrate what a timeless (t = 0) physical law is, for which I take two of the most famous equations in modern physics, Einstein's energy equation [7] and the Schrödinger equation [2, 7], for examples. One has been used for the creation of our temporal (t > 0) universe [5, 9], and the other has many practical applications in high-speed Internet communication and computing as given by, respectively,

$$\mathbf{E} = \mathbf{m}\mathbf{c}^2\tag{1}$$

where m is the rest mass and c is the velocity of light.

$$\frac{\partial^2 \Psi}{\partial \mathbf{x}^2} + \frac{8\pi^2 \mathbf{m}}{h^2} \ (E - V)\Psi = \mathbf{0} \tag{2}$$

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where ψ is the Schrödinger wave function (or Eigen function), m is the mass, E is the energy, V is the potential energy, and h is the Planck 's constant.

In view of these equations, we see that they are timeless (t = 0) since they are not time domain equations. In addition we also see that these equations are pointsingularity approximated; dimensionless and have no coordinate. But, a question may be asked: Why are these equations timeless (t = 0)? Apparently these equations were derived from a virtual subspace, which has no time (t = 0).

By the way, practically all the fundamental laws and principles of science were developed on a piece of scratch paper (or on a blackboard), as shown in Figure 3.

We see a couple of equations with an atomic model drawn in it. This is a typical example of solving a particle physics problem: a scratch paper, a pencil, a model, and mathematics. Yet, if I tell you that solution as will be obtained from this configuration will be mathematically correct, but is physically "wrong," would you believe me? And this is precisely the major wrong part as I will discuss in this article.

Since we have never in our wildest nightmare that the background of a piece of scratch paper represents an empty timeless (t = 0) space; it is a virtual subspace that have been "inadvertently" using since the beginning of science. For which we see that; practically all the laws of physical were developed on the top of a piece of scratch paper that represents a virtual empty subspace. And I have recently found it is not a real physical subspace that supposes to be used within our universe. In fact, practically all the laws of science were obtained from this virtual subspace.

In the following, I will show consequences that have been from the use of a piece of scratch paper. Let me start with our universe, which is a time–space interdependent space as described by the following symbolic representation [5, 9]:

$$\text{if } [\mathbf{r}(\mathbf{t})], \mathbf{t} > \mathbf{0} \text{ and } \mathbf{r} = \mathbf{c} \cdot \mathbf{t} \tag{3}$$

see that any mathematical solution (or principle) has to comply with our

∂E <sup>∂</sup><sup>t</sup> ¼ �<sup>c</sup>

partial derivative of energy with respect to time (<sup>∂</sup><sup>E</sup>

What Is "Wrong" with Current Theoretical Physicists? DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90058

½ �¼� <sup>∇</sup> � S vð Þ <sup>∂</sup>

when we meet at the Big Bang creation.

∂t 1 2 ϵoE<sup>2</sup>

larger space well beyond our current observation, as depicted in Figure 4.

universe.

the term (<sup>∂</sup><sup>m</sup>

as given by

by [5, 10]

129

universal boundary condition: causality and dimensionality. Otherwise the solution (or principle) cannot be directly implemented within our temporal (t > 0)

In view of Eq. (1) and Eq. (2), we see that they are timeless (t = 0) equations; strictly speaking they cannot be directly applied into our temporal (t > 0) universe, unless a temporal component is introduced with these equations. For example, let us take the timeless Einstein energy equation as our example. If the equation is appropriately converted into a partial differential form as given by [5, 9]

<sup>2</sup> ∂m

equation into a time-dependent equation with spatial representation, where a

t > 0 denotes time as a dependent forward variable after excitation t = 0. From Eq. (4) we see that a dimensionless and timeless equation has been transformed into a time variable function that can be applied directly within our temporal (t > 0) universe. Notice that an equation is not just a symbolic representation, it is also a description, in which we can visualize that the converted energy diverges at speed of light into a dimensional space as time moves forward. This is precisely how our universe was created, in which we see that "every" subspace, within our temporal (t > 0) universe, can be described by the following expression

we see that the equation has transformed from a timeless (t = 0) dimensionless

divergent operator, � denotes the dot product operation, S is an energy vector, and

where r is the radius of a spherical subspace and [x(t), y(t),z(t)] represents a rectangular coordinate system. Note that any particle regardless of their size, very large or very small, can be represented by Eq. (5), which includes all the elementary particles, in which we see that all particles are temporal (t > 0) particles that include substances, not particle size. Nevertheless Eq. (5) can be further extended as given

> ð Þþ v 1 2 μoH<sup>2</sup> ð Þv , t><sup>0</sup> (6)

where (ϵo, μo) denotes the permittivity and permeability medium within the free space; (E, H) represent the electric and magnetic field vectors, respectively; and v is the frequency of the electromagnetic wave. From this extended representation, we see that the boundary of our universe is expanding at a speed of light within an even

Since the speed of electromagnetic wave is limited by 1/ [ϵμ)]1/2, we see that our universe is "not empty," which includes the space beyond our universal boundary; otherwise our universe will "not" be a bounded subspace. The non-emptiness universal space is an interesting aspect of a greater universe, as I will discuss briefly

As we have accepted the deep space of our universe is non-empty, any excitation within our temporal (t > 0) universe "cannot" be instant (t = 0) responded, but it

∂t

<sup>∇</sup>� <sup>S</sup> <sup>¼</sup> frt ½ �¼ ð Þ fxtð Þ,y tð Þ,z tð Þ , t><sup>0</sup> (5)

<sup>∂</sup><sup>t</sup> ) represents corresponding rate of reduction in mass, ∇ represents the

<sup>∂</sup><sup>t</sup> <sup>¼</sup> <sup>∇</sup> � S, t><sup>0</sup> (4)

) is the rate of energy increase,

where r is the radius of a subspace, c is the velocity of light, and t > 0 denotes time as a forward dependent variable moving at a constant speed, for which we

Figure 3. A sample piece of "scratch paper" shows an atomic model with a couple of equations in it.

What Is "Wrong" with Current Theoretical Physicists? DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90058

where ψ is the Schrödinger wave function (or Eigen function), m is the mass,

In view of these equations, we see that they are timeless (t = 0) since they are not

By the way, practically all the fundamental laws and principles of science were developed on a piece of scratch paper (or on a blackboard), as shown in Figure 3. We see a couple of equations with an atomic model drawn in it. This is a typical example of solving a particle physics problem: a scratch paper, a pencil, a model, and mathematics. Yet, if I tell you that solution as will be obtained from this configuration will be mathematically correct, but is physically "wrong," would you believe me? And this is precisely the major wrong part as I will discuss in this article. Since we have never in our wildest nightmare that the background of a piece of scratch paper represents an empty timeless (t = 0) space; it is a virtual subspace that have been "inadvertently" using since the beginning of science. For which we see that; practically all the laws of physical were developed on the top of a piece of scratch paper that represents a virtual empty subspace. And I have recently found it is not a real physical subspace that supposes to be used within our universe. In fact, practically all the laws of science were obtained from this virtual subspace. In the following, I will show consequences that have been from the use of a piece

E is the energy, V is the potential energy, and h is the Planck 's constant.

were derived from a virtual subspace, which has no time (t = 0).

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of scratch paper. Let me start with our universe, which is a time–space

A sample piece of "scratch paper" shows an atomic model with a couple of equations in it.

Figure 3.

128

interdependent space as described by the following symbolic representation [5, 9]:

where r is the radius of a subspace, c is the velocity of light, and t > 0 denotes time as a forward dependent variable moving at a constant speed, for which we

f rt ½ � ð Þ , t>0 and r ¼ c � t (3)

time domain equations. In addition we also see that these equations are pointsingularity approximated; dimensionless and have no coordinate. But, a question may be asked: Why are these equations timeless (t = 0)? Apparently these equations see that any mathematical solution (or principle) has to comply with our universal boundary condition: causality and dimensionality. Otherwise the solution (or principle) cannot be directly implemented within our temporal (t > 0) universe.

In view of Eq. (1) and Eq. (2), we see that they are timeless (t = 0) equations; strictly speaking they cannot be directly applied into our temporal (t > 0) universe, unless a temporal component is introduced with these equations. For example, let us take the timeless Einstein energy equation as our example. If the equation is appropriately converted into a partial differential form as given by [5, 9]

$$\frac{\partial E}{\partial \mathbf{t}} = -\boldsymbol{\varepsilon}^2 \frac{\partial m}{\partial \mathbf{t}} = \nabla \cdot \mathbf{S}, \mathbf{t} > \mathbf{0} \tag{4}$$

we see that the equation has transformed from a timeless (t = 0) dimensionless equation into a time-dependent equation with spatial representation, where a partial derivative of energy with respect to time (<sup>∂</sup><sup>E</sup> ∂t ) is the rate of energy increase, the term (<sup>∂</sup><sup>m</sup> <sup>∂</sup><sup>t</sup> ) represents corresponding rate of reduction in mass, ∇ represents the divergent operator, � denotes the dot product operation, S is an energy vector, and t > 0 denotes time as a dependent forward variable after excitation t = 0.

From Eq. (4) we see that a dimensionless and timeless equation has been transformed into a time variable function that can be applied directly within our temporal (t > 0) universe. Notice that an equation is not just a symbolic representation, it is also a description, in which we can visualize that the converted energy diverges at speed of light into a dimensional space as time moves forward. This is precisely how our universe was created, in which we see that "every" subspace, within our temporal (t > 0) universe, can be described by the following expression as given by

$$\nabla \cdot \mathbf{S} = \mathbf{f}[\mathbf{r}(\mathbf{t})] = \mathbf{f}[\mathbf{x}(\mathbf{t}), \mathbf{y}(\mathbf{t}), \mathbf{z}(\mathbf{t})], \mathbf{t} > \mathbf{0} \tag{5}$$

where r is the radius of a spherical subspace and [x(t), y(t),z(t)] represents a rectangular coordinate system. Note that any particle regardless of their size, very large or very small, can be represented by Eq. (5), which includes all the elementary particles, in which we see that all particles are temporal (t > 0) particles that include substances, not particle size. Nevertheless Eq. (5) can be further extended as given by [5, 10]

$$\left[\nabla \cdot \mathcal{S}(\nu)\right] = -\frac{\partial}{\partial t}\left[\frac{1}{2}\epsilon\alpha E^2(\nu) + \frac{1}{2}\mu\alpha H^2(\nu)\right], \mathbf{t} > \mathbf{0} \tag{6}$$

where (ϵo, μo) denotes the permittivity and permeability medium within the free space; (E, H) represent the electric and magnetic field vectors, respectively; and v is the frequency of the electromagnetic wave. From this extended representation, we see that the boundary of our universe is expanding at a speed of light within an even larger space well beyond our current observation, as depicted in Figure 4.

Since the speed of electromagnetic wave is limited by 1/ [ϵμ)]1/2, we see that our universe is "not empty," which includes the space beyond our universal boundary; otherwise our universe will "not" be a bounded subspace. The non-emptiness universal space is an interesting aspect of a greater universe, as I will discuss briefly when we meet at the Big Bang creation.

As we have accepted the deep space of our universe is non-empty, any excitation within our temporal (t > 0) universe "cannot" be instant (t = 0) responded, but it

#### Figure 4.

A composite temporal space universe diagrams. r = ct, r is the radius of our universe, t is time, c is the velocity of light, and ϵ<sup>o</sup> and μ<sup>0</sup> are the permittivity and permeability mediums within the deep space.

will be responded at a later instance (i.e., t > 0). This is the well-known causality condition, a well-accepted principle in science.

Moreover, Eq. (6) shows that time and subspace are mutually coexisting within our universe by which time and space are interdependent. That is, time is a "dependent" variable with respect to the existence of the subspace, and space is a dependent substance with respect to time, in which we see that, within our universe, time is space and space is time, for which we see that it may be possible to transform a timeless (t = 0) equation into a time domain equation, to comply with the causality (t > 0) condition of our universe, as will be shown in the following:

temporal (t > 0) space behaves as a passive time-dependent system; it responds after the excitation but neither instant (i.e., at t = 0) nor before time (i.e., t < 0). The essence of this illustration is that it tells us, in principle, is possible to transform an arbitrary solution to become a time domain solution. Any analytic solution as obtained from those fancy mathematics (e.g., Hilbert space, topological space, and others) in principle can be converted first into a time domain solution and then reconfigures it into a temporal (t > 0) solution to satisfy the causality

(a) A Fourier domain solution; (b) the corresponding time domain solution; (c) magnitude of a Fourier distribution; (d) a Fourier domain linear phase factor; (e) an inverse Fourier transformer; and

(f) the corresponding time domain solution existing in the time domain (i.e., t > 0).

What Is "Wrong" with Current Theoretical Physicists? DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90058

Again, practically all the fundamental laws of physics are timeless (t = 0) and singularity approximated. In principle a causality (t > 0) constraint can be added with those laws, as to signify the imposition upon time is a forward dependent variable (i.e., t > 0). A sample set of well-known equations that can be constrained

∂t

<sup>2</sup> ∂m

in which we see these equations as well as their solutions are and will be subjected to the causality (t > 0) constraint. By reconfiguring their solutions to comply with the causality (t > 0) condition, all solutions can be applied within our universe. For example, without the causality (i.e., t > 0) constraint, wave equation of Eq. (10) is not a physical realizable time domain solution that can be directly applied into our universe, although it is a time-domain solution. With the imposi-

tion of t > 0, her solution can be shown approximately as given by [10]:

∂E ∂t

ψðx; tÞ ¼ exp :½i kx ð � ωtÞ�; t> 0 (10)

, t>0 (7)

<sup>∂</sup><sup>t</sup> , <sup>t</sup>><sup>0</sup> (9)

, t >0 (8)

<sup>∇</sup> � <sup>E</sup> ¼ � <sup>∂</sup><sup>B</sup>

∇ � B ¼ μ<sup>0</sup> J þ μ0ε<sup>0</sup>

∂ε ∂t ¼ �c

(t > 0) condition of our universe.

by t > 0 is given by

131

Figure 5.

For example, Figure 5 shows a timeless solution which can be transformed and reconfigured into a temporal (t > 0) domain solution. Let me assume a Fourier domain solution F(ω) is depicted in Figure 5(a), where ω is an angular frequency variable, in which we see that it is a timeless (t = 0) equation (i.e., not a time domain equation) which cannot be used within our temporal universe. By simply inverse-transforming F(ω) into a time-domain solution [i.e., f(t)] shown in Figure 5(b), we see that it is still not a physical realizable solution, since a portion of f(t) exists in the negative time domain (i.e., t < 0). However if we add a negative linear phase distribution [i.e., exp. (idω)] with F(ω), together we have [F(ω) exp. (idω)]; again it is still not a time domain solution. If this complex Fourier domain solution is inversely transformed into a time domain equation of f(t d) as depicted in Figure 5(f), we see that f(t d) exists only within the positive time domain which can be directly applied within our temporal subspace, since it satisfies the causality (t > 0) condition of our universe.

In this example, we have shown, in principle, it is possible to reconfigure a temporal solution to comply with the causality (t > 0) condition of our universe. But there is always a price to pay (i.e., in time d); by appropriately delaying a nonphysical realizable time domain solution, it is possible to make a time domain solution causal (i.e., t > 0).

This example also shows an important aspect within our temporal universe; we cannot get something from nothing; there is always a price to pay, an amount of energy with a section of time (i.e., ΔE and Δt). This means that every subspace within our temporal (t > 0) universe responds after the excitation. In other words

What Is "Wrong" with Current Theoretical Physicists? DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90058

Figure 5.

will be responded at a later instance (i.e., t > 0). This is the well-known causality

A composite temporal space universe diagrams. r = ct, r is the radius of our universe, t is time, c is the velocity of

our universe by which time and space are interdependent. That is, time is a "dependent" variable with respect to the existence of the subspace, and space is a dependent substance with respect to time, in which we see that, within our universe, time is space and space is time, for which we see that it may be possible to transform a timeless (t = 0) equation into a time domain equation, to comply with the causality (t > 0) condition of our universe, as will be shown in the following: For example, Figure 5 shows a timeless solution which can be transformed and reconfigured into a temporal (t > 0) domain solution. Let me assume a Fourier domain solution F(ω) is depicted in Figure 5(a), where ω is an angular frequency variable, in which we see that it is a timeless (t = 0) equation (i.e., not a time domain equation) which cannot be used within our temporal universe. By simply inverse-transforming F(ω) into a time-domain solution [i.e., f(t)] shown in

light, and ϵ<sup>o</sup> and μ<sup>0</sup> are the permittivity and permeability mediums within the deep space.

Moreover, Eq. (6) shows that time and subspace are mutually coexisting within

Figure 5(b), we see that it is still not a physical realizable solution, since a portion of f(t) exists in the negative time domain (i.e., t < 0). However if we add a negative linear phase distribution [i.e., exp. (idω)] with F(ω), together we have [F(ω) exp. (idω)]; again it is still not a time domain solution. If this complex Fourier domain

solution is inversely transformed into a time domain equation of f(t d) as depicted in Figure 5(f), we see that f(t d) exists only within the positive time domain which can be directly applied within our temporal subspace, since it

In this example, we have shown, in principle, it is possible to reconfigure a temporal solution to comply with the causality (t > 0) condition of our universe. But there is always a price to pay (i.e., in time d); by appropriately delaying a nonphysical realizable time domain solution, it is possible to make a time domain

This example also shows an important aspect within our temporal universe; we cannot get something from nothing; there is always a price to pay, an amount of energy with a section of time (i.e., ΔE and Δt). This means that every subspace within our temporal (t > 0) universe responds after the excitation. In other words

satisfies the causality (t > 0) condition of our universe.

solution causal (i.e., t > 0).

130

condition, a well-accepted principle in science.

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Figure 4.

(a) A Fourier domain solution; (b) the corresponding time domain solution; (c) magnitude of a Fourier distribution; (d) a Fourier domain linear phase factor; (e) an inverse Fourier transformer; and (f) the corresponding time domain solution existing in the time domain (i.e., t > 0).

temporal (t > 0) space behaves as a passive time-dependent system; it responds after the excitation but neither instant (i.e., at t = 0) nor before time (i.e., t < 0).

The essence of this illustration is that it tells us, in principle, is possible to transform an arbitrary solution to become a time domain solution. Any analytic solution as obtained from those fancy mathematics (e.g., Hilbert space, topological space, and others) in principle can be converted first into a time domain solution and then reconfigures it into a temporal (t > 0) solution to satisfy the causality (t > 0) condition of our universe.

Again, practically all the fundamental laws of physics are timeless (t = 0) and singularity approximated. In principle a causality (t > 0) constraint can be added with those laws, as to signify the imposition upon time is a forward dependent variable (i.e., t > 0). A sample set of well-known equations that can be constrained by t > 0 is given by

$$
\nabla \times \mathbf{E} = -\frac{\partial \mathbf{B}}{\partial t}, \ t > \mathbf{0} \tag{7}
$$

$$
\nabla \times \mathbf{B} = \mu\_0 \mathbf{J} + \mu\_0 \varepsilon\_0 \frac{\partial \mathbf{E}}{\partial t}, \text{ } t > \mathbf{0} \tag{8}
$$

$$\frac{\partial \varepsilon}{\partial t} = -c^2 \frac{\partial m}{\partial t}, \quad t > 0 \tag{9}$$

$$\Psi(\mathbf{x}, \mathbf{t}) = \exp\left[\mathbf{i}(\mathbf{k}\mathbf{x} - \alpha \mathbf{t})\right], \mathbf{t} > \mathbf{0} \tag{10}$$

in which we see these equations as well as their solutions are and will be subjected to the causality (t > 0) constraint. By reconfiguring their solutions to comply with the causality (t > 0) condition, all solutions can be applied within our universe. For example, without the causality (i.e., t > 0) constraint, wave equation of Eq. (10) is not a physical realizable time domain solution that can be directly applied into our universe, although it is a time-domain solution. With the imposition of t > 0, her solution can be shown approximately as given by [10]:

$$\Psi\left[\left(\mathbf{t} - \mathbf{t}\_0\right) = \exp\left.\left[-\mathbf{a}\left(\mathbf{t} - \mathbf{t}\_0\right)^2 \cos\left[\mathbf{o}\left(\mathbf{t}\right)\right]\right], \mathbf{t} - \mathbf{t}\_0 > \mathbf{0}\right] \tag{11}$$

in which we see that the wave equation existed within the positive time domain, as long as t � t0 > 0 and t0 is a time delay factor.
