*2.4.1 Palladium supported on Fe3O4*

*Solvents, Ionic Liquids and Solvent Effects*

**2.4 SILP on magnetic nanoparticles**

*Clay carrying phosphinite-functionalized ionic liquid [15].*

Creativity is often exploited by scientists; interestingly, iron-containing catalytic materials were developed in order to separate the catalytic material through magnetic separation techniques from the reaction mixture. In this context, few magnetically separable catalytic materials were reported in SILP, which enabled the

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**Figure 2.**

**Figure 1.**

*SILP on magnetic nanoparticles [16].*

Magnetic Fe3O4 was functionalized with 3-chloropropyltriethoxysilane to obtain chloropropyl functionalized magnetic nanoparticles {MNPs (Fe3O4/Si-Pr-Cl)}. The reaction of the MNPs with triethanolamine, triethylammonium chloride made their surfaces ionic in nature. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) bonded on triethylammonium chloride (IL) was then impregnated with PdCl2 followed by reduction with NaBH4 to give reduced Pd NP supported on the magnetic NPs (Fe3O4/IL/Pd). Thus, it is a multistep synthetic procedure where palladium containing NPs were immobilized on the functionalized magnetic Fe3O4 compound. Catalytic activity was tested for the Suzuki coupling, and high yields were obtained in the reaction between bromobenzene and phenyl boronic acid to yield the corresponding biphenyl derivatives. Reactions were carried out in ethanol water solvent system. The catalyst was separated, dried, and could be reused for eight cycles with no loss of activity [16]; the methodology is depicted in **Figure 3**.
