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## Meet the editors

Prof. Dr Mualla Cengiz has been working at the Istanbul University, Cerrahpaşa, Department of Geophysical Engineering since 2000. She works on paleomagnetism applied on the tectonic assemblages of Anatolia and its surrounding area. She gives lectures in gravimety, earth magnetism, rock magnetism, and environmental magnetism. She has authored many international publications and collaborated in several national/inter-

national projects. She is currently working on the geophysical applications in caves and sinkholes.

Savas Karabulut received his PhD degree from the Istanbul University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Geophysical Engineering. He worked in the Istanbul University Division of Seismology from 2002 to 2016. His research topics are engineering seismology, saltwater intrusion, archaeogeophysics, soil engineering problems, statistical hazard analysis, and cave and sinkhole investigation with geophysical methods. He has collab-

orated in many European Union and national projects on earthquake mitigation, seismic hazards, urban transformation and earthquake disaster. He has authored many scientific national/international publications and books and over more than 100 conference papers.

Contents

**Section 1**

**Section 2**

**Section 3**

**Section 4**

Sensing and GIS Techniques *by Harikrishna Karanam*

*and Maria Eduarda Potes*

*by Boopathy Ramasamy*

Concentration Zones

*by Ivana Durickovic*

*and Margarita L. Sviridova*

*by Boris Kovač and Urška Blaznik*

The Role of Salt on Food and Human Health

Systematic Reduction of Excessive Salt Intake

*by Miguel Elias, Marta Laranjo, Ana Cristina Agulheiro-Santos* 

Short Review of Salt Recovery from Reverse Osmosis Rejects

Upward Capillary Mass Transfer as a Process for Growing

*by Alexandr Mikhailov, Ivan I. Vashlaev, Margarita Yu Kharitonova* 

NaCl Material for Winter Maintenance and Its Environmental Effect

**Preface III**

The Importance of Salt in Water Usage **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

Salt Intake in Human Life **17**

**Chapter 2 19**

**Chapter 3 45**

Salt in Technology **61**

**Chapter 4 63**

**Chapter 5 81**

The Importance of Salt in Road Safety **101**

**Chapter 6 103**

Delineation of Salt Water and Fresh Water Interface between Kolleru Lake and Bay of Bengal Coast, Andhra Pradesh, India – Using Remote

### Contents


Preface

Section II is titled "Salt intake in human life" and this section contains two chapters. The first chapter is "The role of salt on food and human health" by Miguel Elias, Marta Laranjo, Ana Cristina Agulheiro-Santos, and Maria Eduarda Potes. This chapter reports on the social and economic importance of salt throughout human history. The second chapter is on the "Systematic reduction of excessive salt intake" by Boris Kovač and Urška Blaznik and this describes the importance of salt intake

Section III covers the main topic "Salt in technology" with two chapters. The first chapter, "Short review of salt recovery from reverse osmosis rejects" by Boopathy Ramasamy, covers some aspects of the route of water recovery. The author describes common methods to treat saline streams. The second chapter, "Upward capillary mass transfer as a process for growing concentration zones" by Alexandr Mikhailov, Ivan I. Vashlaev, Margarita Yu Kharitonova, and Margarita L. Sviridova, shows the advantages of the phenomenon of surface salinization of the soil layer. The chapter presents the results of experimental studies of ascending mass transfer of useful components from the waste material of the concentrating production of

Section IV, "The importance of salt in road safety", includes the chapter "NaCl material for winter maintenance and its environmental effect" by Durickovic Ivana. In this chapter, the effects of road salts used as a deicer during winter maintenance were investigated along with its chemical properties. The study is supported in general by many different methods with different examples and a wide literature background.

**Dr. Mualla Cengiz**

Istanbul, Turkey

Ankara, Turkey

**Savas Karabulut, Ph.D.**

Istanbul University - Cerrahpaşa,

Department of Geophysical Engineering,

The Branch of Geophysical Engineering,

Union of Chambers of Turkish Engineers and Architects,

Professor,

This book, "Salt in the Earth", contains four sections. Section I is titled "The importance of salt in water usage" and it includes the study "Delineation of saltwater and fresh water interface between Kolleru Lake and Bay of Bengal coast, Andhra Pradesh, India, using remote sensing and GIS techniques" by Harikrishna Karanam. The author showed that seawater intrusion areas could be successful found using integrated data of hydrogeology, hydrochemistry, remote sensing, and

geophysical investigations.

nonferrous metals.

and the importance of salt reduction in food.
