**5. Conclusions**

*Silicon Materials*

**Figure 19.**

is presented in **Figure 20**.

and 712.01 ± 13.21 m2

333.07 ± 21.57 m2

•g<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>

*FTIR of SiO2-rGO hybrids with 1.55, 6.75 and 10.8% rGO.*

For bare SiO2, the bulk density is 2.75 ± 0.12 g cm<sup>−</sup><sup>3</sup>

*XPS spectra of SiO2-rGO hybrids with 1.55, 6.75 and 10.8% rGO.*

rGO have values of 1.41 ± 0.07, 1.29 ± 0.19, and 0.89 ± 0.03 g cm<sup>−</sup><sup>3</sup>

•g<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>

to reduced oxygen and ▬OH groups, which is a further indication of a successful reduction of GO in hybrids after hydrothermal and calcination treatments. FTIR spectra of all hybrids possess less pronounced IR bands, and which are associated with the presence of amorphous silica. Amorphous silica can be distinguished from crystalline silica based on far FTIR region measurements. For more information of the chemical composition and elemental states, the XPS spectroscopy of hybrids is carried out. With 1.55, 6.75 and 10.82 wt.% rGO, XPS spectra of SiO2-rGO hybrids

In case of all the hybrids, XPS spectra show distinct peaks for C1s, O1s, O2s, Si2s, and Si2p. In case of SiO2-rGO-10.82% hybrid, the intensity ratios of the C1s peak to the Si 2 s and Si 2p peaks are measured, and intensity ratios are higher in comparison to hybrids with 6.75 and 1.55% rGO. This may be due to more rGO in hybrids, as confirmed by the TGA results. The samples were tested for Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface areas. In hybrids, higher % of rGO helps to increase surface area compared to that of pure SiO2. With 1.55, 6.75 and 10.82% rGO, the nanohybrids of SiO2-rGO have BET surface areas of 611.21 ± 19.02, 677.53 ± 25.21,

, respectively. For pure SiO2, the BET surface area is

. With 1.55, 6.75 and 10.82% rGO, the bulk densities of SiO2-

, respectively.

. It is found that mesoporosity

**174**

**Figure 20.**

This book chapter has explained ceramics-graphene hybrids, enhanced properties and possible applications in ceramics-graphene industry. Further, by the solvothermalhot pressing method, a complete systematic study on enhanced physical properties of the hybrids has been made, which can further implement hybrids in advanced technological applications. This can lead to a significant contribution for the applications of ceramics-graphene assembly nanomaterials which can be further applied as electrolytes, catalysts, conductive, electrochemically active, and as dielectric materials for the high-temperature applications due to enhanced physical properties.
