**9. SEM analysis**

*Aluminium Alloys and Composites*

better results.

checked for experimental findings.

25% of information in test information set. 20 training models for ANN strength modelling are considered. The weights are frozen after the training and the model is

**Figures 10(a)**, **11(a)** and **12(a)** show the experimental and ANN computed tensile strength values for AA6061 materials with a conical pin tool, triangular pin tool and threaded pin tool, and it is clear that the values predicted by ANN are very close to the experimental values. **Figures 10–12** show the ANN prediction values and experimental values for the different mechanical properties. The experimental investigation it is proved that the triangular pin profiles yield

**146**

**Figure 12.**

*Predicted mechanical properties of threaded pin profile using ANN.*

SEM assessments are completed utilizing a Scanning Electronic Microscope for 6061 aluminum alloy to dissect the weld testimony on weld chunk surface. The SEM photos of the joints at different procedure parameters are appeared

**Figure 13.** *SEM images of different tool pin profiles of FSW joints of AA 6061.*

in **Figure 13**. The SEM analysis has been conducted at three different levels of magnification to analyse the weld defects. It is observed that no micro or microscopic voids and cracks observed in the FSP region. The thermal flow of material is being viewed clearly across the FSP zone.
