**12. References**

Demtröder, W. (1995). Laser Spectroscopy: Basic Concepts and Instrumentation, Springer: Berlin Duarte, F. (2005). Laser sensitometer, US Patent 6 903 824 B2.

Metcalf, H.; van der Stratten, P. (1999). Laser Cooling and Trapping; Springer: Berlin


180 Quantum Optics and Laser Experiments

The maximum optical power for the cooling and repumping lasers was nearly 48 mW. The imbalance was started keeping the repumping laser at 48 mW and changing the optical power from the cooling laser. The visibility of the cold cloud reached its minimum value as the power was decreased to 10 mW that is nearly 1/5 of its initial value. On the other hand as the cooling laser is kept at 48 mW, the optical power from the repumping laser was decreased to up to 103 microwatts. At this power the cloud was faintly visible. The power ratio between full visibility and threshold was 1/466 for the repumping laser when the cooling laser was kept at its maximum value. In summary the lasers had large intensity difference and the cloud was still visible. To our knowledge this is the largest power difference disclosed in the open literature between the repumping and cooling lasers.

We cooled and trapped rubidium atoms in a magneto optical trap and proved the stability of the cloud for different laser intensities. We studied the effect of laser intensity imbalance on cloud formation. We found that the cloud was still visible when the repumping laser intensity was at 1/466 part of its maximum intensity with the cooling laser at its maximum intensity with typical maximum power of 49 mW for each laser. Decreasing the cooling laser

We are grateful to F. J. Duarte for valuable discussions. We also thank Proyecto DICYT

Demtröder, W. (1995). Laser Spectroscopy: Basic Concepts and Instrumentation, Springer: Berlin

Milonni, P.; Eberly, J. (2010). Laser Physics, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., ISBN 978-0-470-38711-

rotating Glan-Thompson polarizers to independently vary the power of the excitation and repumping lasers in laser cooling experiments, Journal of Modern

experiment for undergraduate laboratories, American Journal of Physics, Vol.63,

Olivares, I.E, Duarte, A.E., Saravia, E.A, Duarte, F. J. ,Lithium isotope separation with

Rapol, U.; Wasan, A.; and Natarajan V. (2001).Loading of a Rb magneto-optic trap from a

Wieman, C.; Flowers, G.; Gilbert, S. (1995). Inexpensive laser cooling and trapping

tunable diode lasers. *Appl. Optics*, Vol.41 (2002) p.2973-2977.

getter source, Physical Review A 64, 023402

Metcalf, H.; van der Stratten, P. (1999). Laser Cooling and Trapping; Springer: Berlin

Olivares, I.; (2007). Selective laser excitation in lithium, Optics Journal, Vol. 1, pp. 7-12 Olivares, I.; (2008). Lithium spectroscopy using tunable diode lasers, Tunable Laser Applications, Chapter 11, ed. F. J. Duarte, Marcel Dekker, New York Olivares, I.; Aguilar, F.; J. G. Aguirre-Gómez. (2008). Cold atoms observed for the first time at the Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Journal of Physics, Conference Series 134 Olivares, I.; Cuadra, J.; Aguilar, F.; Aguirre, J.; Duarte, F. (2009). Optical method using

intensity to 1/5 of its maximum value produced destruction of the cloud.

041131OB, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Usach.

Optics, Vol. 56, pp.1780-1784

No.4.; pp. 317-330

Duarte, F. (2005). Laser sensitometer, US Patent 6 903 824 B2.

**9. Study of intensity imbalance on cloud formation** 

**10. Conclusion** 

**11. Acknowledgment** 

9, New Jersey

**12. References** 
