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**100**

**103**

**1. Introduction**

conservational policies for wild fauna.

**Chapter 6**

**Abstract**

TSE Monitoring in Wildlife

*Carla Neves Machado, Leonor Orge, Isabel Pires,* 

*Fernanda Seixas, Filipe Silva, João Carlos Silva,* 

*Roberto Sargo and Maria Dos Anjos Pires*

Epidemiology, Transmission,

Diagnosis, Genetics and Control

*Adelina Gama, Alexandra Esteves, Ana Paula Mendonça,* 

*Luis Figueira, Madalena Vieira-Pinto, Maria De Lurdes Pinto,* 

Among the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), chronic wasting disease (CWD) in cervids is now the rising concern within Europe. CWD will be outlined in this chapter gathering its epidemiology, transmission, diagnosis, genetics, and control. Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative diseases characterized

designated by PrPsc or prion. CWD is a prion disease of natural transmission affecting cervids detected mainly in North America. The first European case was detected in Norway, in 2016, in a wild reindeer; until April 2018, a total of 23 cases were described. The definite diagnosis is *postmortem*, performed in target areas of the brain and lymph nodes. Samples are first screened using a rapid test and, if positive, confirmed by immunohistochemistry and Western immunoblotting. It is not possible to establish a culling plan based on the genotype, once affected animals appear with all genotypes. However, some polymorphisms seem to result in longer incubation periods or confer a reduced risk. The control is not easy in captive cervids and even more in the wildlife; some recommendations have been proposed in order to

), usually

*Ana Matos, Anabela Alves, Carla Lima, Estela Bastos,* 

*Nuno Gonçalves-Anjo, Paula Tavares, Paulo Carvalho,* 

by the accumulation of an abnormal isoform of the prion protein (PrPc

understand the danger and impact of CWD on animal and public health.

**Keywords:** prion, cervids, chronic wasting disease, *PRNP* gene, pathology

The study and monitoring of wildlife diseases are key points for establishing

Wildlife are often in double risk from disease due to the high number of infectious diseases of wildlife origin that affects humans and (or) domestic animals and **Chapter 6**
