*5.4.3 Herbs*

The review revealed a total of a higher number of fodder yielding herbs occurring in the protected areas. One hundred twenty-one herbaceous species belonging to 82 genera and 29 families were recorded from the protected areas (**Table 6**). DDWS was represented with the highest number of herb species (70 species) which was followed by CWS and MNP with 60 and 39 herb species, respectively. A substantial number of (15 species) herbs that are reported growing in and around the protected areas were introduced in Bangladesh at different times, and most of these were found to be cultivated in the adjacent forest areas of the protected areas. Wildlife takes advantages of cultivation by raiding them for food especially during the cultivation season. The conservation status of three fodder yielding herbs was vulnerable, i.e., *Colocasia oresbia*, *Homalomena coerulescens*, and *Polygala furcata*.


**87**

*Wild Fodder Yielding Plants in the Protected Areas of Bangladesh*

**SN Botanical name Local name Family Conservation** 

Pathorkutchi, Pathorchura

Pape

Lengra, Premkanta

Dholpata, Kanchira

Batbaithia Shag

Dhan Sabarang, Lemon Ghas

26 *Capsicum frutescens* L. Morich Solanaceae LC ✓

29 *Chenopodium album* L. Batua Shakh Chenopodiaceae LC ✓

32 *Colocasia fallax* Schott Araceae LC ✓

36 *Corchorus capsularis* L. Pat shakh Tiliaceae LC ✓ 37 *Curcuma longa* L. Halud Zingiberaceae LC ✓ ✓

44 *Cyperus difformis* L. Behua Cyperaceae LC ✓ ✓

45 *Cyperus digitatus* Roxb. Behua Cyperaceae LC ✓ 46 *Cyperus distans* L. f. Pani Malanga Cyperaceae LC ✓

**status**

Poaceae DD ✓

Thankuni Apiaceae LC ✓ ✓ ✓

Katchu Araceae LC ✓ ✓ ✓

Sadakachu Araceae V ✓

Crassulaceae LC ✓ ✓

Caricaceae LC ✓ ✓

Poaceae LC ✓ ✓ ✓

Commelinaceae LC ✓ ✓

Commelinaceae CD ✓

Commelinaceae LC ✓

Poaceae CD ✓

Poaceae LC ✓

Cyperaceae LC ✓ ✓

Durba grass Poaceae LC ✓ ✓ ✓

Gola Methi Cyperaceae NE ✓

Kucha, Kusha Cyperaceae LC ✓

Phulkopi Brassicaceae LC ✓

25 *Capsicum annuum* L. Morich Solanaceae LC ✓

**Occurrence in selected** 

**CWS DDWS MNP**

**PAs**

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.85205*

22 *Brassica oleracea* L. var. botrytis L.

23 *Bryophyllum pinnatum* (Lamk.) Oken

24 *Capillipedium assimile* (Steud.) A Camus

28 *Centella asiatica* (L.) Urban

30 *Chrysopogon aciculatus* (Retz.) Trin

31 *Colocasia esculenta* (L.) Schott

33 *Colocasia oresbia* A. Hay

35 *Commelina sikkimensis* C.B. Clarke

38 *Cyanotis cristata* (L.) D. Don

39 *Cymbopogon citratus* (DC) Stapf

40 *Cynodon arcuatus* J. S. Presl *ex* C. B. Presl

41 *Cynodon dactylon* (L.) Pers.

43 *Cyperus cyperoides* (L.) O. Ktze.

47 *Cyperus laxus* Lamk var. laxus

42 *Cyperus corymbosus* Rottb.

34 *Commelina benghalensis* L.

27 *Carica papaya* L. Papaya,


#### *Wild Fodder Yielding Plants in the Protected Areas of Bangladesh DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.85205*

*Wildlife Population Monitoring*

1 *Acroceras tonkinense* (Balansa) C.E. Hubb.

2 *Actinoscirpus grossus* (L.f.) Goetgh & D. A.

5 *Alocasia macrorrhizos* (L.) G. Don

*philoxeroides* (Mart.)

7 *Amaranthus spinosus* L. Kantashakh,

8 *Amaranthus tricolor* L. Lalshakh,

*axillaris* (L.) Rolla Rao

*bulbifer* (Roxb.) Blume

*paeoniifolius* (Dennst.)

6 *Alternanthera* 

Griseb.

9 *Amischophacelus* 

& Kamm.

10 *Amorphophallus* 

11 *Amorphophallus* 

Nicolson

12 *Ananas comosus* (L.) Merr.

13 *Aponogeton echinatus* Roxb.

14 *Aponogeton natans* (L.) Engl. & Krause

16 *Axonopus compressus* (Sw.) P. Beauv.

17 *Bothriochloa bladhii* (Retz.) S. T. Blake

18 *Brachiaria decumbens* Stapf

19 *Brachiaria distachya* (L.) Stapf

20 *Brachiaria kurzii* (Hook. f.) *A. Camus*

21 *Brachiaria reptans* (L.) Gard. & Hubb.

Simpson

*ex* Bor

**SN Botanical name Local name Family Conservation** 

3 *Allium cepa* L. Piyaj Liliaceae LC ✓ 4 *Allium sativum* L. Rashun Liliaceae LC ✓

Kasuru, Kasari, Kesar

Helencha, Malancha shak

Kata Notay, Khoira kanta

Danga, Data shak

Amla-bela, Jongle Ol.

Bag katchu, Batema katchu

15 *Arundo donax* L. Poaceae LC ✓

Ghora dubo Har, Farak pata

Gandha Gourana **status**

Cyperaceae LC ✓

Mankatchu Araceae LC ✓

Baghanulla Commelinaceae LC ✓

Amaranthaceae LC ✓

Amaranthaceae LC ✓ ✓

Amaranthaceae LC ✓ ✓

Araceae LC ✓ ✓

Araceae LC ✓

Anarosh Bromeliaceae LC ✓ ✓

Aponogetonaceae NT ✓

Poaceae LC ✓

Poaceae LC ✓

Corighas Poaceae LC ✓ ✓ ✓

Poaceae LC ✓

Poaceae LC ✓ ✓ ✓

Poaceae LC ✓

Ghechu Aponogetonaceae CD ✓

Poaceae LC ✓

**Occurrence in selected** 

**CWS DDWS MNP**

**PAs**

**86**


**89**

*Wild Fodder Yielding Plants in the Protected Areas of Bangladesh*

**SN Botanical name Local name Family Conservation** 

73 *Kyllinga bulbosa* Beauv. Cyperaceae LC ✓

80 *Mollugo pentaphylla* L. Molluginaceae LC ✓

84 *Musa paradisiaca* L. Champa kola Musaceae LC ✓ ✓

86 *Oryza sativa* L. Dhan Poaceae CD ✓ ✓

83 *Musa ornata* Roxb. Ramkola Musaceae CD ✓ ✓

75 *Lasia spinosa* (L.) Thw. Araceae LC ✓

Dandakolas, Haldusha, Sweetadrone

Nukha, Sarkachu

Barti, Borali, Kalash Nar

Bolai Mandi, Karin Ghas

89 *Panicum repens* L. Poaceae LC ✓

Chhan, Chau, Kash

**status**

Poaceae LC ✓ ✓

Cyperaceae LC ✓

Cyperaceae LC ✓ ✓

Lemnaceae LC ✓

Lamiaceae LC ✓

Tomato Solanaceae LC ✓ ✓

Pontederiaceae LC ✓ ✓

Poaceae LC ✓

Poaceae LC ✓

Poaceae LC ✓

Poaceae LC ✓

Poaceae NE ✓

Poaceae LC ✓

Poaceae LC ✓

Poaceae LC ✓

Baranukha Pontederiaceae LC ✓ ✓

Poaceae LC ✓

Juncaceae LC ✓ ✓

**Occurrence in selected** 

**CWS DDWS MNP**

**PAs**

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.85205*

70 *Imperata cylindrica* (L.) P. Beauv.

71 *Juncus prismatocarpus* R.Br.

72 *Kyllinga brevifolia* Rottb.

74 *Kyllinga nemoralis* (J. R. Forst. & G. Forst.) Dandy *ex* Hutchins. & Dalziel

76 *Lemna perpusilla* Torrey

77 *Leucas indica* (L.) R.Br. *ex* Vatke

78 *Lophatherum gracile* Brongn.

79 *Lycopersicon esculentum*

81 *Monochoria hastata* (L.) Solms

82 *Monochoria vaginalis* (Burm. f.) Presl

85 *Oplismenus burmannii* (Retz.) P. Beauv.

87 *Panicum maximum* Jacq.

88 *Panicum paludosum* Roxb.

90 *Paspalidium flavidum* (Retz.) A. Camus

91 *Paspalum conjugatum* Bergius

92 *Paspalum longifolium* Roxb.

93 *Paspalum orbiculare* G. Forst.

*scrobiculatum* L.

94 *Paspalum* 

Mill.


*Wildlife Population Monitoring*

49 *Cyperus tuberosus* Rottb.

*oxyphyllum* (Steud.)

*bipinnata* (L.) Stapf

54 *Dichanthium caricosum* (L.) A. Camus

55 *Digitaria bicornis* (Lamk.) Roem. & Schult. *ex* Loud

56 *Digitaria sanguinalis* (L.) Scop.

57 *Echinochloa crus-galli* (L.) P. Beauv.

58 *Eichhornia crassipes* (Mart.) Solms

59 *Eleusine indica* (L.) Gaertn.

60 *Eragrostis ciliaris* (L.) R. Br.

61 *Eragrostis lehmanniana* Nees

62 *Eragrostis tenella* (L.) P. Beauv. *ex* Roem. &

63 *Eragrostis unioloides* (Retz.) Nees *ex* Steud.

64 *Eriochloa procera* (Retz.) C. E. Hubb.

66 *Fuirena umbellata* Rottb.

*coerulescens* Jungh.

68 *Hydrolea zeylanica* (L.)

67 *Homalomena* 

Vahl

69 *Hymenachne pseudointerrupta* C. Muell.

65 *Euphorbia heterophylla* L.

Schult.

Bara Shama-ghas

50 *Cyrtococcum* 

Stapf

51 *Cyrtococcum patens* (L.) A. Camus

52 *Dactyloctenium aegyptium* (L.) P. Beauv.

53 *Desmostachya* 

**SN Botanical name Local name Family Conservation** 

48 *Cyperus rotundus* L. Mutha Cyperaceae LC ✓

**status**

Cyperaceae LC ✓ ✓

Poaceae LC ✓

Poaceae LC ✓ ✓

Poaceae NE ✓

Poaceae LC ✓ ✓

Poaceae LC ✓ ✓

Euphorbiaceae NE (rare) ✓

Cyperaceae LC ✓

Araceae V ✓

Hydrophyllaceae LC ✓

Poaceae LC ✓

Makra Poaceae LC ✓

Detara Poaceae LC ✓

Poaceae LC ✓

Poaceae LC ✓

Pontederiaceae LC ✓

Malankuri Poaceae LC ✓ ✓

Koni Ghas Poaceae LC ✓ ✓

Poaceae LC ✓

Poaceae LC ✓ ✓

Poaceae NE ✓

**Occurrence in selected** 

**CWS DDWS MNP**

**PAs**

**88**



**91**

*Wild Fodder Yielding Plants in the Protected Areas of Bangladesh*

**SN Botanical name Local name Family Conservation** 

119 *Zea mays* L. Vuttra Poaceae CD ✓

*concern; NE, not evaluated; NE (rare), not evaluated but seems to be rare; V, vulnerable].*

Dudh katchu, Dastur

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.85205*

118 *Xanthosoma violaceum* Scott.

120 *Zingiber capitatum* Roxb.

121 *Zingiber officinale* Rosc.

**Table 6.**

*5.4.4 Climbers and other fodder plants*

food (**Table 7**).

1 *Acacia pennata* (L.) Willd.

2 *Ampelocissus* 

3 *Ampelocissus latifolia* (Roxb.) Planch.

5 *Benincasa hispida* (Thunb.) Cogn.

6 *Caesalpinia digyna* Rottler

7 *Calamus latifolius* Roxb.

Kotchoi Kanta, Umulkuchi

Budum bet, Korak bet

*barbata* (Wallich) Planch.

Climbers growing on bushes, trees, and forest floor are important fodder. The leaves and young shoots of the climbers and lianas are mainly eaten by wildlife as food. There were 39 climber plants belonging to 28 genera and 14 families reported as fodder species from the three protected areas. However, review of other reports indicates that the fodder yielding climber composition is almost similar to other forests of southeastern and central regions of Bangladesh. Besides the climber, there were seven fodder yielding pteridophytic species which belong to different genera of seven families. A total of five exotic climbers were recorded to be cultivated by the local people inside the boundary of the protected areas which sometimes raided by wildlife, i.e., monkey, squirrel, etc. The conservation status indicated the presence of one vulnerable plant named *Calamus latifolius*, the fruit of which is eaten by different birds and wildlife as

**SN Botanical name Local name Family Conservation status Occurrence in the PAs**

4 *Basella rubra* L. Poi shak Basellaceae LC ✓

Chalkumra Cucurbitaceae LC ✓

Teorakanta Mimosaceae NE (rare) ✓

Vitaceae CD ✓

Vitaceae NE ✓

Caesalpiniaceae LC ✓ ✓

Arecaceae V ✓ ✓

*List of fodder yielding herbs recorded from the selected protected areas [here, DD, data deficient; LC, least* 

**status**

Jongli Ada Zingiberaceae NE (rare) ✓

Ada Zingiberaceae LC ✓ ✓

Araceae LC ✓

**Occurrence in selected** 

**CWS DDWS MNP**

**CWS DDWS MNP**

**PAs**


#### **Table 6.**

*Wildlife Population Monitoring*

95 *Phragmites karka*

98 *Pueraria peduncularis* (Grah. *ex* Benth.)

Benth.

100 *Rhynchospora* 

L.

L.

(Retz.) Trin. *ex* Steud.

*corymbosa* (L.) Britton

101 *Saccharum officinarum*

103 *Saccharum spontaneum*

104 *Sacciolepis indica* (L.) A. Chase

106 *Senna hirsuta* (L.) Irwin & Barneby

107 *Sesbania bispinosa* (Jacq.) Wight.

108 *Setaria sphacelata* (Schum.) Stapf. & C.E. Hubb. *ex* M. B.

109 *Setaria verticillata* (L.) P. Beauv.

110 *Solanum americanum* Mill.

112 *Sorghum bicolor* (L.) Moench

113 *Thysanolaena maxima* (Roxb.) Kuntze

114 *Typhonium trilobatum* (L.) Schott

115 *Vernonia cinerea* (L.) Less.

116 *Xanthium indicum* Koen. *ex* Roxb.

> *sagittifolium* (L.) Schott

117 *Xanthosoma* 

Moss

105 *Sagittaria sagittifolia* L. Muyamuya,

**SN Botanical name Local name Family Conservation** 

96 *Physalis angulata* L. Fotka Solanaceae LC ✓ 97 *Polygala furcata* Royle Polygalaceae V ✓

99 *Raphanus sativus* L. Mula Brassicaceae LC ✓

102 *Saccharum ravennae* L. Ekor Poaceae DD ✓

111 *Solanum tuberosum* L. Golalu Solanaceae LC ✓

Shial lata, Dankuni, Kuksim

Khagra, Ban-okra

Panchamukhi katchu

Kash, Kaichcha, Kagara

Chhotokut

Dharma, Nalkhagra **status**

Poaceae LC ✓ ✓

Fabaceae LC ✓

Cyperaceae LC ✓ ✓

Poaceae LC ✓ ✓

Poaceae LC ✓

Alismataceae LC ✓

Caesalpiniaceae NE ✓

Poaceae CD ✓

Fabaceae LC ✓

Poaceae LC ✓

Tit-begun Solanaceae LC ✓ ✓ ✓

Jowar Poaceae CD ✓

Ghetkul Araceae LC ✓ ✓

Asteraceae LC ✓ ✓ ✓

Asteraceae LC ✓

Araceae LC ✓

Jahruful Poaceae LC ✓ ✓

Akh Poaceae CD ✓

**Occurrence in selected** 

**CWS DDWS MNP**

**PAs**

**90**

*List of fodder yielding herbs recorded from the selected protected areas [here, DD, data deficient; LC, least concern; NE, not evaluated; NE (rare), not evaluated but seems to be rare; V, vulnerable].*
