*5.4.4 Climbers and other fodder plants*

Climbers growing on bushes, trees, and forest floor are important fodder. The leaves and young shoots of the climbers and lianas are mainly eaten by wildlife as food. There were 39 climber plants belonging to 28 genera and 14 families reported as fodder species from the three protected areas. However, review of other reports indicates that the fodder yielding climber composition is almost similar to other forests of southeastern and central regions of Bangladesh. Besides the climber, there were seven fodder yielding pteridophytic species which belong to different genera of seven families. A total of five exotic climbers were recorded to be cultivated by the local people inside the boundary of the protected areas which sometimes raided by wildlife, i.e., monkey, squirrel, etc. The conservation status indicated the presence of one vulnerable plant named *Calamus latifolius*, the fruit of which is eaten by different birds and wildlife as food (**Table 7**).



**93**

**6. Threats to the fodder species**

Threats to the fodder yielding plant species are similar to that of the protected areas and forests across the different regions of Bangladesh. According to the fifth report on CBD submitted by the Bangladesh government in 2015, direct threats to the PAs are (1) encroachment in protected areas, (2) degradation of forests and

*List of fodder yielding climbers and ferns recorded from the protected areas [here, CD, conservation dependent; LC, least concern; NE, not evaluated; NE (rare), not evaluated but seems to be rare; NT, near threatened;* 

*Wild Fodder Yielding Plants in the Protected Areas of Bangladesh*

**SN Botanical name Local name Family Conservation status Occurrence in the PAs**

31 *Piper betle* L. Pan Piperaceae LC ✓

Kakrol Cucurbitaceae LC ✓ ✓

Kumari lata Smilacaceae LC ✓

Cucurbitaceae LC ✓

Anacardiaceae CD ✓

Chichinga Cucurbitaceae LC ✓

Patal Cucurbitaceae LC ✓

Borboti Fabaceae LC ✓

38 *Uvaria hirsuta* Jack Banor kola Annonaceae NE ✓

Golgoli lata Vitaceae CD ✓

Angiopteridaceae LC ✓

Blechnaceae LC ✓ ✓

Athyriaceae LC ✓ ✓

Helminthostachyaceae LC ✓ ✓

Bish Dhekia Thelypteridaceae LC ✓

Lygodiaceae LC ✓

Marsileaceae LC ✓

**CWS DDWS MNP**

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.85205*

30 *Momordica cochinchinensis* (Lour.) Sprengel

32 *Smilax perfoliata* Lour.

> *amplexicaulis* (Lamk.) Gandhi

34 *Tapiria hirsuta* Hook. f.

35 *Tetrastigma bracteolatum* (Wall.) Planch.

36 *Trichosanthes anguina* L.

37 *Trichosanthes dioica* Roxb.

39 *Vigna unguiculata* (L.) Walp.

40 *Angiopteris evecta* (Forst.) Hoffm

41 *Blechnum orientale* L.

42 *Christella arida* (D. Don) Holtt.

*esculentum* (Retz.)

43 *Diplazium* 

Sw.

45 *Lygodium microphyllum* (Cav.) R. Br.

46 *Marsilea quadrifolia* L.

**Table 7.**

*V, vulnerable].*

44 *Helminthostachys zeylanica* (L.) Hook.

Dhekia Shak

Dhekia, Dhekia Shak

Shada Dhekia

33 *Solena* 


#### *Wild Fodder Yielding Plants in the Protected Areas of Bangladesh DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.85205*

*Wildlife Population Monitoring*

Chiringbet, Sanchi Bet, Bandari Bet, Jali bet

Kawa jangi, Telakucha

Lalongchhali, Keti

Thakan Budo

Kalmi Shakh

13 *Cucumis melo* L. Khira Cucurbitaceae LC ✓ 14 *Cucumis sativus* L. Khira, Futi Cucurbitaceae LC ✓

8 *Calamus tenuis* Roxb.

9 *Cissus elongata* Roxb.

10 *Citrullus lanatus* (Thunb.) Matsumura & Nakai

11 *Coccinia grandis* (L.) Voigt

12 *Coccinia grandis* (L.) Voigt

15 *Cucurbita maxima* Duch. *ex* Lamk.

16 *Dalbergia pinnata* (Lour.) Prain

> *belophylla* (Prain) Voigt *ex* Haines

> *hamiltonii* Hook. f.

17 *Dioscorea* 

18 *Dioscorea bulbifera* L.

20 *Dioscorea* 

21 *Dioscorea pentaphylla* L.

22 *Ipomoea aquatica* Forssk.

23 *Ipomoea batatas* (L.) Lamk.

24 *Lablab purpureus* (L.) Sweet

25 *Lagenaria siceraria* (Molina) Standl.

26 *Luffa acutangula* (L.) Roxb.

27 *Luffa cylindrica* (L.) M. Roem.

28 *Mikania cordata* (Burm. f.) Robinson

29 *Momordica charantia* L. var. *charantia* C. B. Clarke

19 *Dioscorea esculenta* (Lour.) Burkill

**SN Botanical name Local name Family Conservation status Occurrence in the PAs**

Tormuj Cucurbitaceae LC ✓

Telakucha Cucurbitaceae LC ✓ ✓

Mistikumra Cucurbitaceae LC ✓ ✓

Dudh alu Dioscoreaceae LC ✓

Pagla Alu Dioscoreaceae LC ✓ ✓ ✓

Maitta Alu Dioscoreaceae NE ✓

Alu lata Dioscoreaceae LC ✓ ✓ ✓

Shim Fabaceae LC ✓ ✓

Lau Cucurbitaceae LC ✓ ✓

Jhinga Cucurbitaceae LC ✓ ✓

Assamlata Asteraceae LC ✓

Karolla Cucurbitaceae LC ✓ ✓

Convolvulaceae LC ✓

Mistialu Convolvulaceae LC ✓

Purul Cucurbitaceae LC ✓

Dioscoreaceae NT ✓

Fabaceae LC ✓

Arecaceae LC ✓ ✓ ✓

Vitaceae LC ✓

Cucurbitaceae LC ✓

**CWS DDWS MNP**

**92**

#### **Table 7.**

*List of fodder yielding climbers and ferns recorded from the protected areas [here, CD, conservation dependent; LC, least concern; NE, not evaluated; NE (rare), not evaluated but seems to be rare; NT, near threatened; V, vulnerable].*
