Pathology and Clinical Considerations

*Human Teeth - Key Skills and Clinical Illustrations*

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children.

**1. Introduction**

**Chapter 11**

**Abstract**

Children

*and Samira El Arabi*

Pathology and Abnormality of

*Mouna Hamza, Amal Chlyah, Bouchra Bousfiha,* 

*Bouchra Badre, Maria Mtalsi, Hasna Saih* 

the First Permanent Molar among

The first permanent molar (FPM) plays an essential role in the masticatory function by contributing to the implementation and the maintenance of the occlusion. However, it is considered as the most frequently affected and the earliest affected tooth by caries; 27.4% of the 6–8 years old children have developed at least one cavity on one of the four first permanent molars, according to a study conducted among 3276 school children in Casablanca .Therefore, the FPM should benefit from special vigilance on the part of the practitioner to ensure that any early carious lesion is intercepted. In addition, the FPM, due to its period of mineralization coinciding with early childhood diseases, can erupt with a structural abnormality. Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is considered to be the most common defects observed on first permanent molars among children. A study conducted among 1077 children aged 7–10 years enrolled in schools in Casablanca showed that 7.9% of children were affected with MIH. About 84.7% of the children had the four molars affected. Children with HIM had a significantly higher prevalence of caries: 78.8 versus 33.5%.These structural abnormalities of the enamel must be carried out

earlier to ensure that the coronary anatomy is the least compromised.

**Keywords:** molar, dental caries, risk factors, therapeutic, prevention measures, molar incisor hypomineralization, tooth abnormalities, dental care for children, Morocco

The first permanent molar (FPM) is considered as the most important tooth for the dentition and dental development with a key role in occlusion. It partici-

However, it is considered to be the most and earliest affected tooth by cavities. Indeed, the early time of its eruption when hygiene is difficult and poorly con-

In addition, FPM, due to its period of mineralization coinciding with early childhood diseases, can erupt with a structural abnormality. Molar incisor hypomineralization is considered to be the most common defect observed on FPM in

pates in the maxillary growth and physiology of the mandibular system.

trolled makes it particularly vulnerable to carious disease.

#### **Chapter 11**
