Meet the editor

Professor Jafari R Kideghesho was born in Ugweno, Kilimanjaro in Northern Tanzania. He obtained his BSc in Agriculture from Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA), Tanzania, in 1993; an MSc in Conservation Biology from Kent University, UK, in 1996; and a Ph.D. from Norwegian University of Science and Technology, in 2006. He started his career in wildlife management at the College of African Wildlife Management, Mweka, where he

taught for six years before joining SUA in 1999. He served as a deputy director of the Wildlife Division in Tanzania's Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism for two years (2012–2014). Dr. Kideghesho has been an active supporter of academic efforts within and outside Tanzania through teaching and serving as an external examiner at different universities. He has published more than fifty scientific articles in reputable journals and is an author and editor of numerous books. Currently, he is the rector at the College of African Wildlife Management, Mweka, Kilimanjaro.

Contents

Drivers and the Way Forward

*by Jafari R. Kideghesho*

*and Ruhil Hayati Hamdan*

Conservation Goals

Amidst COVID-19

in Kenya

**Preface XI**

**Chapter 1 1**

**Chapter 2 11**

**Chapter 3 47**

**Chapter 4 63**

**Chapter 5 81**

**Chapter 6 97**

Introductory Chapter: Managing Wildlife in a Changing World - Trends,

Conserving Freshwater Biodiversity in an African Subtropical Wetland:

*Lizaan de Necker, Louis du Preez, Marliese Truter, Reece Alberts, Ruan Gerber,* 

*by Aline Angelina Acosta, Edward C. Netherlands, Francois Retief,* 

*by Siew Shean Choong, Mimi Armiladiana Mohamad, Li Peng Tan* 

Diseases as Impediments to Livestock Production and Wildlife

*by Y.J. Atuman, C.A. Kudi, P.A. Abdu, O.O. Okubanjo and A. Abubakar*

Interlinks between Wildlife and Domestic Cycles of *Echinococcus* spp.

*by Dorothy Kagendo, Eric Muchiri, Peter Gitonga and Esther Muthoni*

Wildlife Management Areas in Tanzania: Vulnerability and Survival

*by Rehema Abeli Shoo, Elizabeth Kamili Mtui, Julius Modest Kimaro, Neema Robert Kinabo, Gladys Joseph Lendii and Jafari R. Kideghesho*

South Africa's Lower Phongolo River and Floodplain

*Victor Wepener, Wynand Malherbe and Nico J. Smit*

The Predicament of Macaque Conservation in Malaysia

## Contents


**Chapter 7 115** A Step Change in Wild Boar Management in Tuscany Region, Central Italy *by Paolo Banti, Vito Mazzarone, Luca Mattioli, Marco Ferretti, Andrea Lenuzza, Rocco Lopresti, Marco Zaccaroni and Massimo Taddei*

Preface

The emerging and increasing socioeconomic, political, ecological, environmental, and technological changes occurring globally present a critical challenge to scientists, wildlife managers, and policy makers. Wildlife habitats are being degraded and fragmented as human demands for space for food production, infrastructure development, and settlements grow. Species are being pushed to the verge of extinction as their habitats are being degraded and humans attempt to meet their growing household and commercial needs from wildlife products. Wildlife species are further subjected to pre-emptive and retaliatory killing when they inflict economic losses and human mortalities. Climate change, diseases, and proliferation of invasive alien species are reducing the quality of habitats and affecting the population of wildlife species. Political unrest, civil wars, and terrorist acts in some regions have always disrupted the management operations of protected areas and paved a way for wildlife crimes. Reversing the declining and extinction trends that the world is experiencing today because of these factors calls for effective planning, innovations, and adoption of approaches that are developed through scientific realities. This book, *Managing Wildlife in a Changing World*, is comprised of eight chapters presenting issues and possible options for effective management of wildlife in a world where the changes are no longer speculative but rather are real and

The introductory chapter by Jafari R. Kideghesho is a review of current status, trends, and drivers of various threats facing wildlife in the world. The author depicts an alarming rate of species loss and examines how different factors contribute to this loss. He underscores a need for effective planning, innovations, and adoption of approaches that are developed through scientific realities. He also proposes that deliberate efforts be taken to address the underlying and proximate causes responsible for the declining trends and extinction of wildlife species.

Chapter 2, "Conserving Freshwater Biodiversity in an African Sub-tropical Wetland: South Africa's Lower Phongolo River and Floodplain" by Acosta, et al., sheds light on the conservation and management issues of freshwater biodiversity in a highly diverse subtropical ecosystem. Based on a decade of survey conducted from 2010 to 2020 in the Phongolo River and Floodplain, this chapter highlights the current diversity of aquatic organisms (invertebrates, fishes, frogs, and their parasitic fauna), followed by an overview of their biological and physical stressors. Also addressed in this chapter are the current challenges in managing the aquatic

biodiversity of this region and a way forward to conservation strategies.

In Chapter 3, "The Predicament of Macaque Conservation in Malaysia" Choong et al. provide some highlights on conservation of macaques species in Malaysia, pointing out that the proximity of macaques with human dwellings raises public health concern through the transmission of zoonotic diseases. The vulnerability of macaque species is increasing due to habitat loss, degradation, and fragmentation caused by forest clearing for plantation agriculture, selective logging, and increased network of roads because of urbanization. The existing false impression that all macaques are on equal ground and abundance in numbers has subjected these

inevitable.

### **Chapter 8 127**

Managing Invasive Alien Species by the European Union: Lessons Learnt *by Ludwig Krämer*
