See **Figure 13**.

*Habitats of the World - Biodiversity and Threats*

inhabitants.

**Conflict of interest**

None declared.

See **Figure 12** and **Table 1**.

**A. Appendices**

particular human habitats require specific physical upgrading projects in terms of dynamic intervention. Also, it is crucial to monitor such dynamic interventions post-implementation, in order to evaluate their real-time effects on the slum

**A.1 Multi-distance spatial cluster analysis using Ripley's K function**

clustering for these distance is statistically significant.

*Multi-distance spatial cluster analysis (Ripley's K function) [by authors].*

*Multi-distance spatial cluster analysis (Ripley's K function) [by authors].*

The observed K value is larger than the expected K value for the first four classes (distance bands): this proves the settlement pattern is more clustered than random at these distance (scale of analysis). Moreover, the observed K value is larger than the upper confidence envelope value (HiConfEnv), thereby proving the spatial

**Class Expected K Observed K Diff K LwConfEnv HiConfEnv** 90.00 121.25 31.25 91.30 92.84 180.00 217.21 37.21 172.93 177.08 270.00 297.82 27.82 245.12 251.23 360.00 364.51 4.51 307.67 315.45 450.00 411.80 −38.20 360.93 369.47 540.00 441.80 −98.20 404.88 412.90

**96**

**Table 1.**

**Figure 12.**

**Figure 13.** *Health centers and their buffer zone (on the left); education centers and their buffer zone (on the right) [by author].*
