**1. Introduction**

The technique of aortic root surgery has undergone many improvements during the past decades. These are a direct result of better understanding of the functional hemodynamics of the aortic root coupled with significant improvement in imaging. We present here a brief overview of pathology involving the aortic root with a special focus on the surgical aspects in these operative procedures. Our chapter includes tips on use of mechanical valve conduits, homograft, and stent-less valve prostheses as well as techniques implementing a valve-sparing approach.
