**Author details**

*Risk Management in Construction Projects*

**5.5 Development of final framework**

The final framework was developed by considering the findings from survey and validated in multiple case studies with the aim of enhancing clarity and effectiveness. The framework consists of the following features: factors influencing stakeholders' participation and stakeholders' relationships in the health and safety risk management (hazard-risk identification, risk communication and risk control). The output of the framework is to reduce the number of accidents on construction

*Framework for stakeholders' participation in health and safety risk management in construction projects in* 

**Figure 5** indicates that when stakeholders participate in health and safety risk management, they are influenced by their roles and responsibilities in the project, the communication process in place, the stakeholders' power attributes and individual knowledge on health and safety issues as well as by health and safety regulations and professional bodies' by-laws. Therefore, to ensure a smooth risk management process and effective stakeholders' influence on risk management, the balance of those factors must be considered. **Figure 5** further indicates that when stakeholders participate, they create a link chain relationship. This 'link chain' participation relationship is in conformity with the concept of interconnectedness of system thinking. Thus, each stakeholder's involvement in a system has a critical role in influencing and making the system work. Non-performing of one stakeholder can break the chain, hence making the system fails to work. The goal of risk management is to reduce the number of accidents in construction sites. A mechanism to

This research has investigated multi-stakeholders' influence on health and safety risk management in three large construction projects in Tanzania. There is an empirical evidence showing that different project's stakeholders such as clients, architects, engineers, quantity surveyors, contractors and workers are able to participate in health and safety risk management at different phases/stages of the project and in different ways. However, the holistic view over their relationships

ensure each stakeholder's influence one another is paramount.

**66**

**6. Conclusions**

sites.

**Figure 5.**

*Tanzania.*

Sarah Phoya1 \* and Krystyna Pietrzyk<sup>2</sup>


\*Address all correspondence to: sarahphoya@gmail.com

© 2019 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
