*4.2.1.1 The content of HSE guidance*

The content of HSE guidance includes, but not limited to, the following contents; in other words, the main contents of the HSE guidance are as follows:

	- "Job qualifications" and "job responsibilities" are the basic requirements for a position developed by the personnel department based on the characteristics of the position. It is the responsibility of an employee to do a good job in his post. While meeting the qualifications for the position, an employee must also be aware of the responsibilities of the position. Therefore, job qualifications and job responsibilities are the most basic requirements that an employee must meet.
	- "Standard operating procedures" and "emergency response procedures" are the core content of the HSE guidance. With the deepening of standardized management in enterprises, basically each conventional operation is provided with standard operating procedures. But due to poor education on these procedures, they were not well understood by employees. So usually operations were carried out beyond the standard procedures, which are the main causes of most accidents. One of the functions of the HSE guidance is to have the employees understand the standard operating procedures by providing them in print to the employees. If necessary, employees may refer to the HSE guidance in advance to prevent nonstandard operations. Emergency response procedures are actually the operating procedures in a state of emergency. Since it keeps relatively stable once established and modified, we can analyze various emergencies that may occur to a specific position and incorporate the corresponding "emergency response procedures" into the HSE guidance specific to the position, so as to improve emergency response skills of employees.
	- "Patrol inspection and main contents" aims to ensure the overall safety of objects. First of all, set the main contents of inspection according to the characteristics of the tools, machines, equipment, facilities, and other hardware items used or managed by the employees on the post, especially critical parts and vulnerable components, based on the principle of territorial management. Then, devise an inspection route to find problems and hazards of the mentioned hardware items, aiming to ensure the overall safety of objects effectively. By the way, "patrol inspection and main contents" in the HSE guidance is just to govern the use of its HSE checklist.

Except for the "patrol inspection and main contents," all the rest are readily available. Incorporate them into the HSE guidance after modifications are made to relevant contents through risk management activities.

The revised position-specific HSE guidance (version II) mainly contains the basic requirements that employees should meet. Unlike version I, the contents on the management of conventional risks relating to the discipline in version II were incorporated into position-specific operating procedures and other relevant contents, facilitating the education on the HSE guidance.

In addition, we also recommend the use of "bowtie" model and other effective methods to reinforce the prevention of significant risks. Significant risks generally fall into the category of conventional risks. In addition to the normal prevention means such as operating procedures, we recommend using the "bowtie" model (**Figure 3**) to strengthen the prevention of significant risks. Depending on the circumstances, the "key tasks" and "key facilities" generated by the "bowtie" model should be allocated to relevant positions and included in the position-specific HSE guidance.

#### *4.2.1.2 Compilation and application of the HSE guidance*

The HSE guidance should be compiled considering the nature of grassroots organizations. For grassroots organizations of the same type, a consistent HSE guidance could be compiled since their disciplines and position settings are the same. The discipline-specific HSE guidance should be compiled usually by the enterprise or its subsidiaries. When compiling the discipline-specific HSE guidance, attention should be focused on the discipline and related activities and potential abnormalities and emergencies in the entire process of the project, followed by hazard identification, risk assessment, and development of appropriate risk control measures. The HSE guidance shall be reviewed and approved by the competent department.

Since the HSE risks arising from discipline-related conventional operations are relatively stable, risk prevention measures may stay the same as long as no change occurred to the process, technology, equipment, facilities, etc. Hence the HSE guidance is a kind of relatively stable document. It can be used as a working guide for relevant employees in their day-to-day work and can also be used as a resource for self-study. More importantly, grassroots organizations should regard the education on the HSE guidance as a management action that should be persisted for a long time, so as to enhance the staff's professional quality and risk prevention capability.

**25**

*A New Mode of HSE Risk Management for Construction Projects*

As the HSE guidance has relatively fixed content, its compilation and education could be a part of day-to-day work, avoiding the problems (heavy compilation and

All in all, through the education on the HSE guidance during daily work, relevant employees will understand the conventional risks and characteristics thereof related to their positions and know how to implement the specific measures to prevent these risks, thus effectively improving their ability to control the discipline-

The content of HSE plan includes, but not limited to, the following contents; in

• Identification of additional hazardous factors and main risk warnings

○ "Project overview, worksite, and the surroundings" and "personnel and equipment" are set up to identify hazardous factors. For projects of mobile operations, changes may most likely happen to the project itself and the surrounding environment, personnel, equipment, and facilities, so the HSE plan focuses on these two parts for comprehensive identification of hazardous factors. Specifically, in the "personnel and equipment" part, potential risks are identified through analyzing changes (placement, shifts, etc.) in project personnel (especially those in key positions), and appropriate measures are developed. Regarding equipment and facilities, risks arising from frequent relocation and installation are considered, such as safety accessories

○ "Identification of additional hazardous factors and main risk warnings" and "risk prevention, mitigation, and control" are the focus of the HSE plan. When compiling the plan, the first step is to identify hazardous factors through analyzing the "project overview, worksite, and the surroundings" and "personnel and equipment." On this basis, the next step is to refer to the HSE guidance to determine additional hazardous factors of the project (i.e., hazardous factors of the project that are not included in the HSE guidance), then find out the to-be-controlled hazardous factors and main risks of the project through risk assessment, and develop risk control measures against additional hazards. As to the control of main risks, given that the main risks are mostly discipline-related conventional risks whose control measures have been included in the position-specific HSE guidance, there is no need to develop risk control measures against additional hazards in the HSE plan. But if the main risks of the project are unconventional risks, control mea-

education workload before the start of a project) and faced by HSE case.

other words, the main contents of the HSE plan are as follows:

• Project overview, worksite, and the surroundings

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.84358*

related conventional risks.

*4.2.2.1 Content of HSE plan*

• Personnel and equipment

• Emergency response plan

lost, damaged, etc.

sures must be included in the HSE plan.

• Risk prevention, mitigation, and

*4.2.2 The HSE plan*

**Figure 3.** *Bowtie model for preventing significant risks.*

#### *A New Mode of HSE Risk Management for Construction Projects DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.84358*

As the HSE guidance has relatively fixed content, its compilation and education could be a part of day-to-day work, avoiding the problems (heavy compilation and education workload before the start of a project) and faced by HSE case.

All in all, through the education on the HSE guidance during daily work, relevant employees will understand the conventional risks and characteristics thereof related to their positions and know how to implement the specific measures to prevent these risks, thus effectively improving their ability to control the disciplinerelated conventional risks.
