**5.4 Ascariasis**

Phospholipids from schistosomes and *Ascaris* worm trigger TLR2, and lysophosphatidylserine can activate DCs to induce Th2 and IL-10-producing Treg [121].

### **5.5 Fasciolosis**

*F. hepatica* tegumental antigens (FhTeg), *F. hepatica* ES, and ES-derived enzymes (thioredoxin peroxidase 2-Cys peroxiredoxin, fatty acid-binding protein) inhibit TLR4- and TLR3-mediated inflammatory response and facilitate parasite survival inside the host [122]. The protease activity of *F. hepatica* Cathepsin L1 (FheCL1) causes endosomal degradation of TLR3 and downregulates IL-1 production [123].
