Contents


Preface

When a foreign antigen plans to reside in the body, innate immunity attempts to define the frontier lines of defense and, if necessary, helps to formulate a more specific line of defense. There is a recognition system required for innate immunity to work efficiently in such a highly responsible position. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are an essential part of this system. They are present on innate and adaptive immune cells making them key switches incorporated in bridging innate and adaptive immunity. The non-immune cells express TLRs and, in turn, their value

This book first provides readers with basic facts about TLR structure, cellular distribution, and signaling pathways. It then discusses in detail the role of natural killer cells expressing TLRs in linking innate and adaptive immunity. Furthermore, the book includes chapters that focus on the role of TLRs in infections and neurode-

**Nima Rezaei**

Tehran, Iran

Professor of Clinical Immunology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences,

increases.

generative diseases.
