**4. Conclusion**

 The ability of LF-EMFs to remove or decrease the concentration of *E. coli* in the river water samples was successfully demonstrated in this study. Based on the results, LF-EMFs were able to kill a part of the *E. coli*, and decreased the concentration by magnetic field exposure. From this study, the LF-EMF proved its capability to remove and control the growth of *E. coli* with magnetic field exposure. The effect of the magnetic field in the removal of *E. coli* by using an LF-EMF column model was validated with experimental results. Initially, simulations were carried out to study and design the magnetic field generating system, and compare the results with previous experiments. This result indicates that the application of the LF-EMF coiled column with a magnetic field at 6 mT was able to remove 100% of *E. coli*. The surface area and volume of the column induced changes in the percentage of *E. coli*  removal. Therefore, it was found that the LF-EMF column test was effective column size to remove *E. coli* from the water. Data from the monitoring study for the RBF tube well showed low concentrations of *E. coli* during the wet and dry seasons. Thus, the result showed the suitability of LF-EMF column application in RBF as an alternative technique to control *E. coli* growth. Other than that, LF-EMF technology, as a non-chemical and non-ionising technique, was proposed in this study to increase the quality of water in RBF especially during the wet season. Some technical and fundamental principles related to the application of this technique provided valuable information about its capabilities in drinking water treatment applications, and at the same time, provided other opportunities for further research.
