**7. Conclusions**

Leukopenia is an essential part of the damage caused by ionizing irradiation and/or radiomimetic influences (as tumoricidal chemotherapy). Leukocytes play an important role in immune defense, tissue regeneration, the functioning of the main organs and systems; and the degree of bone marrow suppression determines the survival of victims in ionizing radiation exposure as well as the efficacy of anticancer chemotherapy. All three methods of sorption detoxification with activated carbons such as hemoperfusion (when blood is filtered through the column with activated carbon); enterosorption—peroral use of oral adsorbents and applicationsorption therapy (use of carbon dressing for the healing of the burns and wounds), can be successfully used for the leukopenia prophylaxis and treatment in ionizing irradiation exposure, side effects of anti-cancer chemotherapy, as well as for the boosting of healing of associated skin damage.

Enterosorption demonstrates significant synergy with hemopoietic cytokines in the treatment of bone marrow suppression caused by such an aggressive agent as melphalan (a derivative of mustard nitrogen). Nanocrystal cerium dioxide could be useful for oxidative stress modulation caused by such radiomimetic as anti-cancer anthracycline antibiotic doxorubicin. Modification of pathological biochemical processes which provoke bone marrow suppression and leukopenia is a basis of the efficacy of sorption detoxification in acute radiation syndrome as well as to decrease the side effects of anti-cancer chemotherapy. Our findings may contribute to the refinement of current risk stratification algorithms for acute radiation sickness treatment.
