Meet the editors

Dr. Hugo Saldarriaga-Noreña currently works at the Autonomous University of Morelos State Cuernavaca, México. He received his Bachelor in Chemistry in 1991 from the University of Antioquia (Medellín-Colombia), his Master of Science in Environmental Chemistry (2003) and Ph.D. (2008) from the Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM). Dr. Saldarriaga-Noreña's research areas are: preparation of samples of biological and/or

environmental origin; assessment of agro-industrial waste; degradation of organic compounds through the application of advanced oxidation processes; analysis of organic compounds (pesticides, aliphatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and their nitroderivatives) and metals using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography, and atomic absorption, respectively; validation of instrumental analysis techniques; chemometrics, statistical analysis of data using univariate and multivariate techniques.

Dr. Mario Alfonso Murillo-Tovar is a Research Environmental Chemist at the Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, México. His research has focused on development and validation of analytical methods, chemical characterization of environmental samples, and pollution remediation. His research has been supported by CONACYT, INECC-SEMARNAT, and ISSSTE in México. He is the author and co-author of more than

25 research publications, one book, and three book chapters. At UAEM, he teaches graduate-level and undergraduate courses in environmental chemistry, atmospheric chemistry, quantitative chemical analysis, chemometrics, probability and statistical development of analytical methods, and sample preparation techniques in analytical chemistry. He received his undergraduate Bachelor of Chemistry in 2004 from Universidad del Valle, Colombia. He obtained his Master's degree (2007) and Doctorate in Chemical Sciences (2012) from the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.

Dr. Robina Farooq has been involved in teaching, research, management, and academic work in numerous distinguished universities of Britain, China, and Pakistan for the last 28 years. Currently, she is working at COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore, Pakistan. She has discovered innovative and low-cost processes for the treatment of wastewater. She is the author of scientific manuscripts, books, book chapters, and

granted patents by USPTO, USA. She is the recipient of Best Innovator, Best University Teacher, and Productive Scientist Awards. She has worked on projects including ultrasonic decomposition of pollutants, phytoremediation of wastewater, bioelectrochemical synthesis of renewable fuel, bioelectrochemical decomposition of wastewater and energy recovery, recovery of heavy metals from effluents, microbial fuel cell technology for wastewater remediation, and retrieval of precious metals from printed circuit boards.

Rajendra S. Dongre received his M.Sc. from the Department of Chemistry, R.T.M., Nagpur University in 1996 (Gold Medalist) and his PhD in 2010. His research work includes organic synthesis, chitosan bio-composites, matrixes, and remediation of water pollution de-fluoridation, nitrate, chromium, and phosphate lead (II). He has worked as a Scientists-B in CSIR-LAB, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) Nagpur

Contents

**Section 1**

**Section 2**

*by Jan Broda*

*by Moufti Ahmed*

*by Dionisio Rodríguez*

**Preface III**

Environmental Pollution **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

**Chapter 2 21**

**Chapter 3 41**

Pollution Control Approaches **67**

**Chapter 4 69**

**Chapter 5 81**

**Chapter 6 103**

**Chapter 7 123** Adsorptive Removal of Fluoride onto Different Waste Materials: Orange Juice

Biological Remediation of Phenoxy Herbicide-Contaminated Environments

Biodegradation of Sheep Wool Geotextiles Designed for Erosion Control

*by Katsutoshi Inoue, Hari Paudyal, Hidetaka Kawakita and Keisuke Ohto*

Characterization of the Youssoufia-Morocco-MineFluoride-Contaminated

Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Agriculture: A Comparative Analysis

Progressive Research in the Molecular Mechanisms of Chronic Fluorosis *by Liming Shen, Chengyun Feng, Sijian Xia, Yan Wei, Hua Zhang, Danqing Zhao,* 

Water and Their Detrimental Effects on Human Health

*Fang Yao, Xukun Liu, Yuxi Zhao and Huajie Zhang*

Polymer Hydrogels for Wastewater Treatment

*by Magdalena Urbaniak and Elżbieta Mierzejewska*

Residue, Waste Seaweed, and Spent Cation-Exchange Resin

*by Luqman Ali Shah and Sher Ali Khan*

M.S., India. Overall, he has 25 years of experience in research and development and 17 years of post-graduate teaching experience, which has resulted in fifty-five international/national research publications. He has also guided four PhD research students. He received the 6th National Award (runner-up position) for Technology Innovation in Petrochemicals and Downstream Plastics Processing Industry, for research in the field of polymer science and technology, handed by Hon'ble Ananth Kumar, Petrochemical & Fertilizers Minister of Government of India in 2016. He received the 5th National Science & Technology Award for research contribution in the field of developing science in 2017, by EET-CRS, Noida, India.

Dr Sara Riaz is currently working at COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore campus as an Assistant Professor and is involved in teaching, research, and management in the Department of Chemistry. She completed her MSc from Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan Pakistan in 2013 in organic synthesis and received a doctoral degree in 2014 from East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P.R. China for her work on

synthesis and characterization of novel ubiquinone derivatives and their electrochemical interaction studies with gold nanoparticles. Dr Sara is currently involved in projects including bioelectrochemical decomposition of dyes for electricity generation, synthesis of graphitic nanomaterials and their applications in energy storage devices. and heavy metal ions detection.

## Contents



Preface

Environmental pollution is not a new phenomenon. Different studies are currently being carried out around the world to explain many of the impacts caused by exposure to certain pollutants. However, such studies in the first instance are not carried out at the required speed, which allows the avoidance of some of these impacts. And in other cases, there is no follow-up to the problems caused by pollution, due to the lack of infrastructure and economic resources. The purpose of evaluating the level of contamination in the environment is to find a strategy for mitigating or preventing impacts and/or looking for mechanisms to remediate contaminated matrices. In this sense, this book aims to contribute by presenting new studies aimed at determining levels of environmental pollution in various parts of the world. It also shows

The editors wish to thank PRODEP (Program for the Development of Teachers) and CONACyT (National Council of Science and Technology) for constant support in

**Hugo Saldarriaga-Noreña and Mario Alfonso Murillo-Tovar**

Autonomous University of State of Morelos,

**Robina Farooq and Sara Riaz** COMSATS University Islamabad,

Mexico

Pakistan

India

**Rajendra Dongre** RTM Nagpur University,

new alternatives for the remediation of contaminated matrices.

the financing of publications.
