Meet the editors

Dr. Yanhua Luo received his B.E. and PhD degrees from the University of Science and Technology of China (UTSC) in 2004 and 2009, respectively. Currently, he works as a deputy director of Photonics & Optical Communications at the University of New South Wales (UNSW) to maintain the National Joint Fibre Facility and develop the next generation specialty optical fibers and their devices. He has made many contributions, i.e. developing 3

modes EDFA for mode multiplexing transmission by NEC America, introducing 3D printing techniques in fiber fabrication, etc. So far he has held 2 China patents and co-authored 220 refereed journal/conference papers, and 7 book chapters on these subjects. His papers have been cited >1500 times in SCI, with an H-index 21.

Prof. Jianxiang Wen received his M.S. degree in chemical and material engineering from Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China, in 2006, and received his PhD in communication and information systems from Shanghai University, Shanghai, China in 2011. From 2001 to 2007, he was an R&D Engineer in the Jiangsu Fasten Photonics Company. Now he is a Professor and works at the Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access

Networks, Shanghai University. His research interests include design and fabrication of the specialty fiber fields such as spun optical fibers, polarization-maintaining optical fibers, doping fibers, specialty optical fibers with radiation-hardness, etc. His awards include Jiangsu Province Science and Technology Progress Award (Second Prize) in 2008.

Prof. Jianzhong Zhang received his Bachelor degree of condensed-state physics from the Lanzhou University in 2000 and obtained his Master and Doctoral degrees in optical engineering from the Harbin Engineering University in 2004 and 2007, respectively. He then joined the School of Physics at Harbin Engineering University. Currently, he is a full professor of Harbin Engineering University. During 2006 he visited UNSW as a visiting

fellow supervised by Professor Gang-Ding Peng. His research interests are in optical fiber laser, optical fiber sensors and wave characteristics in periodical structure. He has published more than 100 articles in international journals and conferences. He is currently the PI for six research projects including two funded by the National Science Foundation of China.

Contents

**Section 1**

**Section 2**

Communication Systems

Co-Doped Optical Fibers

Co-Doped Silica Optical Fibers

Phosphosilicate Fiber

*by Khursheed Ahmad*

**Section 3**

**Preface XI**

Introduction **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

Bismuth Optical Fibers **13**

**Chapter 2 15**

**Chapter 3 31**

**Chapter 4 51**

**Chapter 5 67**

Bismuth Halide Perovskite Solar Cells **83**

**Chapter 6 85**

Introductory Chapter: Bismuth-Related Optoelectronic Materials

Development of Bismuth-Doped Fibers (BDFs) in Optical

BAC Photobleaching in Bismuth-Doped and Bismuth/Erbium

Radiation Effect on Optical Properties of Bi-Related Materials

*by Jianxiang Wen, Ying Wan, Yanhua Dong, Yi Huang, Yanhua Luo,* 

Effects of Electron Irradiation on Optical Properties of Bismuth-Doped

*by Bowen Zhang, Mingjie Ding, Shuen Wei, Binbin Yan, Gang-Ding Peng, Yanhua Luo and Jianxiang Wen*

*Gang-Ding Peng, Fufei Pang and Tingyun Wang*

*by Alexander V. Kir'yanov and Arindam Halder*

Bismuth Halide Perovskites for Photovoltaic Applications

*by Yanhua Luo, Jianxiang Wen and Jianzhong Zhang*

*by Rifat M. Dakhil Alsingery and Ahmed Mudhafer*

## Contents



Preface

The development of the information society drives the increasing demand for novel optoelectronic materials. Therefore, bismuth-related optoelectronic materials are increasingly favoured due to the unique characteristics of bismuth. This book mainly concentrates on the development of optoelectronic materials for the applications of photon generation, amplification, detection and storage, although there is still a lot of outstanding and innovative research work in this field.

The book contains 8 chapters contributed to by many excellent researchers. It is

Several sections and chapters of the book show how diverse bismuth-related optoelectronic materials are becoming. It is expected that, in the near future, many new bismuth-related optoelectronic materials under development will find important applications in telecommunications, renewable energy, data storage, and so on. All the authors are leading researchers in their respective fields. Their chapters reflect the excellent research work and technology applications of their own work and others. Hence this book, as a new entry to the open access IntechOpen book library, will be useful for researchers, academics, engineers, and students to access expertly summarized specific topics on bismuth-related optoelectronic materials for research, education, and learning purposes.

We would like to take this opportunity to express our great appreciation to all our colleagues and authors as well as collaborators for their support and great contribution to this book. We also would like to thank the IntechOpen editors and staff, especially Mr. Mateo Pulko, Mr. Luka Cvjetkovic, Ms. Marina Dusevic for

**Yanhua Luo**

Sydney, Australia

Photonics and Optical Communications,

University of New South Wales,

School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications,

organized in the following sections:

3.Bismuth Halide Perovskite Solar Cells

4.Bismuth-Related Data Storage Materials

their excellent support throughout this book project.

2.Bismuth Optical Fibers

1.Introduction
