**Author details**

Hassan M. Heshmati Endocrinology Metabolism Consulting, LLC, Anthem, AZ, USA

\*Address all correspondence to: hassanheshmati@yahoo.com

© 2020 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**265**

oby.22581

*Gut Microbiome in Obesity Management DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91974*

Berthoud HR, Heymsfield SB. Obesity. Pathophysiology and management. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2018;**71**:69-84. DOI:

Reviews. Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 2017;**14**:553-564. DOI:

[9] Radvinsky D, Iskandar M, Ferzli G. Bariatric surgery today: The good, the bad, and the ugly. Annals of Laparoscopic and Endoscopic Surgery. 2017;**2**:52. DOI: 10.21037/ales.2017.02.26

[10] The Human Microbiome Project Consortium. Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome. Nature. 2012;**486**:207-214.

10.1038/nrgastro.2017.80

DOI: 10.1038/nature11234

DOI: 10.1038/nature11550

[11] Lozupone CA, Stombaugh JI,

[12] Kundu P, Blacher E, Elinav E, Pettersson S. Our gut microbiome: The evolving inner self. Cell. 2017;**171**:1481- 1493. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.11.024

[13] Barko PC, McMichael MA, Swanson KS, Williams DA. The gastrointestinal microbiome: A review. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. 2018;**32**:9-25. DOI: 10.1111/

[14] Schmidt TSB, Raes J, Bork P. The human gut microbiome: From association to modulation. Cell. 2018;**172**:1198-1215. DOI: 10.1016/j.

[15] Dąbrowska K, Witkiewicz W. Correlations of host genetics and gut microbiome composition. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2016;**7**:1357. DOI:

[16] Nuriel-Ohayon M, Neuman H, Koren O. Microbial changes during pregnancy, birth, and infancy. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2016;**7**:1031. DOI:

10.3389/fmicb.2016.01357

10:3389/fmicb.2016.01031

jvim.14875

cell.2018.02.044

Gordon JI, Jansson JK, Knight R. Diversity, stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota. Nature. 2012;**489**:220-230.

[2] GBD 2015 Obesity Collaborators,

Reitsma MB, et al. Health effects of overweight and obesity in 195 countries over 25 years. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2017;**377**:13-27. DOI:

[3] Shephard RJ. On determining how much obesity is costing society. The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada. 2019;**12**:80-116. DOI: 10.14288/hfjc.

[4] Freedman MR, King J, Kennedy E. Popular diets: A scientific review. Obesity Research. 2001;**9**(Suppl 1):

[5] Onakpoya IJ, Wider B, Pittler MH, Ernst E. Food supplements for body weight reduction: A systematic review of systematic reviews. Obesity. 2011;**19**:239-244. DOI: 10.1038/

[6] Wadden TA, Butryn ML, Hong PS, Tsai AG. Behavioral treatment of obesity in patients encountered in primary care settings. A systematic review. Journal of the American Medical Association. 2014;**312**:1779-1791. DOI:

10.1001/jama.2014.14173

[7] Saxon DR, Iwamoto SJ,

Mettenbrink CJ, et al. Antiobesity medication use in 2.2 million adults across eight large health care organizations: 2009-2015. Obesity. 2019;**27**:1975-1981. DOI: 10.1002/

[8] Lee PC, Dixon J. Medical devices for the treatment of obesity. Nature

[1] Gadde KM, Martin CK,

10.1016/j.jacc.2017.11.011

10.1056/NEJMoa1614362

v12i1.276

1S-40S

oby.2010.185

Afshin A, Forouzanfar MH,

**References**

*Gut Microbiome in Obesity Management DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91974*
