*2.3.5 Sodium cyclamate*

Sodium cyclamate is an artificial sweetener of molecular formula C6H12NNaO3S. It is 30–50 times sweeter than sucrose (table sugar) and because of this it is least potent of the commercially used artificial sweeteners. It is always blended with

**Figure 4.** *Structure of sucralose.*

**Figure 5.** *Structure of saccharin.*

other artificial sweeteners; especially saccharin in the ratio of 10:1 that is 10 parts of cyclamate to 1 part of saccharin. It is less expensive than most sweeteners including sucralose and stable under heat. Cyclamates are being banned in the United States and other countries due to safety reasons. But European Union considers them as safe (**Figure 6**).

## *2.3.5.1 Metabolism and health aspects*

Cyclamate itself shows very slow toxicity but it is metabolized to cyclohexylamine which shows greater toxicity because of the nature of the cyclamate metabolism [8]. The possible exposure to cyclahexylamine from cyclamate metabolism in humans over a period is relevant to the establishment of ADI for cyclamate.

#### *2.3.6 Neotame*

Neotame is the low calorie artificial sweetener of molecular formula C20H30N2O5 and molecular mass 378.469 g mol<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup> and it is the derivative of aspartame. A t-butyl group is added to the free amine group of aspartic acid. It is 8000 times sweetener than sucrose. It can be used alone or often blended with other sweeteners especially saccharin. Neotame is used in carbonated soft drinks, cakes, drink powders, table top sweetener and bubble gums. The neotame was approved in 2002 as a general purpose sweetener, excluding in meat and poultry by FDA (**Figure 7**).
