**5. Controlled practices for reconfiguration**

"Click" chemistry is found to control reconfigurations or modifications and facilitates stimulus detachment through characteristic porous dendrimeric links so as to yield assorted structures like fine layer-by-layer films, nanoparticles, nanosheets, nanowires and nanotubes especially used for optoelectronic nanodevices [2]. Reinforced dendritic architectures with linear, cross-link and chain-branching can afford many features like open-space functionalization and organize topology, copolymeric hybridization and terminal grafting. Versatile dendritic reinforcement motivates innovative R&D beyond predicted applications in many industries. Hyperbranch supramolecular polymer-based reinforced material matrixes offer sophisticated chemical and biological utilities. Nonmaterial reconfigurations and nanostructure reinforcements are pivotal

**113**

*Reinforce Fabricated Nano-Composite Matrixes for Modernization of S & T in New Millennium*

themes in today's scientific and technology advancement. Rationally developed nanomaterials/structures have vividly amended characteristics viable for

assorted utilities, viz. electric tools, optoelectronic devices, biosensor/biomarker, photodetector, solar cell, quantum dots and plasmonic modules. At nanodimensions, the interfacial phase interaction gets better without changing matter itself; instead, it has shown innovative properties like electrical conductivity, insulation, boosted reactivity, elasticity and superior/robust strength, which is missing in micro-/macroscale counterparts [1–4, 6, 7]. These nanocomposites have multiphase combination of two/more components and one or more fillers of particles, sheets and/or fibers in their reinforced matrixes. Certain nanocomposites are reinforced through numerous progressively designed alterations in material matrixes and novel comprehensive techniques thrust interdisciplinary R&D in chemistry, physics, biology and biotechnology besides paving the way for business breakthroughs in current S&T developments [1]. Reinforced building blocks with nanodimensions fetch practical and theoretical interests via rational reconfigured and designed innovative nanocomposites owing to their extraordinary physicochemical characters and preset functionality [2]. R&D findings through inventive analytical trends and developments in nanocomposite chemistry with compiled data and analysis may aid in the exploration of stimu-

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91305*

lated reinforcements in nanocomposite matrixes [26, 28].

applications over other known counterparts [1].

Nanocomposite/nanostructures reconfigured through biomatrixes faced intricate tasks like choice, combinatorial paths, modified synthesis and shaping of proper materials. Thus, plant tissues like cellulosic matter and animal components like bones/cartilage are reinforced at nanodimensional hierarchy. Morphological likeness of lignocellulose, hemicellulose and lignin matrixes enables its vast reconfigurations in developments of nanostructures/composites, which acted as viable alternatives in modern drug delivery and tissue engineering scaffolds (for regeneration of bones and cartilages) besides being used in cell-attached proliferated inductions. Biomimetic composites are being reconfigured through reinforcement of natural polymers like chitin and cellulose with inorganic materials like calcium phosphate for use in biomedical applications. Advanced nanotechnology paves the way for prospective capability across a broad spectrum of applications. The advancements in the field of nanotechnology have generated many reinforced material blends, alloys, matrixes and composites offering contemporary functional

Nowadays, specially sophisticated designing and targeted tailor/engineer morphologies are facile to induce at any (0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D) nano-dimensional scales with structure-property dependent remarkable parameters and controllable interfacial area, e.g., many onset non-bulky size-dependent quantum dots and polymeric nano-composites for industrial and environmental applications [1, 2]. Rationally reinforced polymer-based nanocomposites are best options to usual polymeric fillers and blends that appeared as a staple part of modern plastics. Nanotechnological frontiers in the twenty-first century seek better optimized composite combinations with innate synergistic utility; thus, material and functional devices need to be reinforced or reconfigured. Thus, nanotechnological reinforcements are solely dependent on mechanical augmentation of matrixes as substitute for existing counterparts. Benign or biodegradable nanocomposites reinforced through green polymers like cellulosic and chitosan matrixes are potential options to petroleum-derived non–eco-friendly thermoplastic polyolefin nanoclusters [7, 13, 27]. Reconfigured polymeric nanocomposites with exclusive mechanical, physicochemical, thermal, electrical and barrier properties and fire-retarding properties emerge as innately prospective in making exterior/interior and underbonnets, coating and components of automotive [1–4, 6, 7]. A Global Strategic Business

#### *Reinforce Fabricated Nano-Composite Matrixes for Modernization of S & T in New Millennium DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91305*

themes in today's scientific and technology advancement. Rationally developed nanomaterials/structures have vividly amended characteristics viable for assorted utilities, viz. electric tools, optoelectronic devices, biosensor/biomarker, photodetector, solar cell, quantum dots and plasmonic modules. At nanodimensions, the interfacial phase interaction gets better without changing matter itself; instead, it has shown innovative properties like electrical conductivity, insulation, boosted reactivity, elasticity and superior/robust strength, which is missing in micro-/macroscale counterparts [1–4, 6, 7]. These nanocomposites have multiphase combination of two/more components and one or more fillers of particles, sheets and/or fibers in their reinforced matrixes. Certain nanocomposites are reinforced through numerous progressively designed alterations in material matrixes and novel comprehensive techniques thrust interdisciplinary R&D in chemistry, physics, biology and biotechnology besides paving the way for business breakthroughs in current S&T developments [1]. Reinforced building blocks with nanodimensions fetch practical and theoretical interests via rational reconfigured and designed innovative nanocomposites owing to their extraordinary physicochemical characters and preset functionality [2]. R&D findings through inventive analytical trends and developments in nanocomposite chemistry with compiled data and analysis may aid in the exploration of stimulated reinforcements in nanocomposite matrixes [26, 28].

Nanocomposite/nanostructures reconfigured through biomatrixes faced intricate tasks like choice, combinatorial paths, modified synthesis and shaping of proper materials. Thus, plant tissues like cellulosic matter and animal components like bones/cartilage are reinforced at nanodimensional hierarchy. Morphological likeness of lignocellulose, hemicellulose and lignin matrixes enables its vast reconfigurations in developments of nanostructures/composites, which acted as viable alternatives in modern drug delivery and tissue engineering scaffolds (for regeneration of bones and cartilages) besides being used in cell-attached proliferated inductions. Biomimetic composites are being reconfigured through reinforcement of natural polymers like chitin and cellulose with inorganic materials like calcium phosphate for use in biomedical applications. Advanced nanotechnology paves the way for prospective capability across a broad spectrum of applications. The advancements in the field of nanotechnology have generated many reinforced material blends, alloys, matrixes and composites offering contemporary functional applications over other known counterparts [1].

Nowadays, specially sophisticated designing and targeted tailor/engineer morphologies are facile to induce at any (0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D) nano-dimensional scales with structure-property dependent remarkable parameters and controllable interfacial area, e.g., many onset non-bulky size-dependent quantum dots and polymeric nano-composites for industrial and environmental applications [1, 2]. Rationally reinforced polymer-based nanocomposites are best options to usual polymeric fillers and blends that appeared as a staple part of modern plastics. Nanotechnological frontiers in the twenty-first century seek better optimized composite combinations with innate synergistic utility; thus, material and functional devices need to be reinforced or reconfigured. Thus, nanotechnological reinforcements are solely dependent on mechanical augmentation of matrixes as substitute for existing counterparts. Benign or biodegradable nanocomposites reinforced through green polymers like cellulosic and chitosan matrixes are potential options to petroleum-derived non–eco-friendly thermoplastic polyolefin nanoclusters [7, 13, 27]. Reconfigured polymeric nanocomposites with exclusive mechanical, physicochemical, thermal, electrical and barrier properties and fire-retarding properties emerge as innately prospective in making exterior/interior and underbonnets, coating and components of automotive [1–4, 6, 7]. A Global Strategic Business

*Composite and Nanocomposite Materials - From Knowledge to Industrial Applications*

Dendrimer architectures via click chemistry and self-assembly have put forward major reinforced polymeric matrixes. Advanced nanotechnology has discovered new nanoperiodic system through dendrimeric reinforcements in the form of nanodevices, nanomaterials and nanomedicines. This decade has developed many scientific and commercial utilities focusing architecturally on drive characteristics through assorted dendrimeric reinforcements. Dendrimeric reinforcements convey highly defined and well-branched perfect nanostructures obtained through repetitive branched monomer iterative protection and deprotection in contrast to hyperbranch polymeric skeletons. Rationally reconfigured dendrimeric/dendritic polymers are used for drug delivery and catalysis and making light-emitting materials [1, 2]. Today, dendrimer chemistry and catalog of dendrimers offer templates for organic-inorganic hybrid nanomaterials imparting diversified and captivated utility in modern S&T. Hyperbranch polymers are 3D globular low viscous and highly soluble template used in making dendrimer-based organic/inorganic nanohybrids. Organic-inorganic nanohybrids are reconfigured through hyperbranched dendrimeric matrix to get mono-/bimetallic, bimetallic alloys and core/shells. Dendritic hyperbranch polymers and dendrimers with 3D globular arrangement and spherical outline are found to offer high branching density and branching at each repeating unit, which imparts exclusive features like lower viscosity and high solubility/functionality than linear counterparts. Advanced dendritic matrixes blend reconfigured organic/inorganic frameworks via good skeletal processing, thus offering special developed advantageous features like superior elasticity, light-weight, impassive resistance, robust strength, chemical resistance, and thermal stability. Reinforced hyperbranched dendritic matrixes own linear segments of globular end functionality valuable for making many organic-inorganic nanocomposites [2]. Assorted nanohyperbranched composites with unique globular contour with functional end groups are obtained through organic-inorganic dendrimeric templates like polyamidoamine-reinforced nanogold particles, nanocarbon hybrid sols and heterogeneous nanostructures [2]. Intrinsic void-reinforced nanoparticles and metal clusters with enhanced stability are exploited for catalysis, adsorptions and photodetection besides being used in developing antimicrobial sensors/agents [1]. Recent advancement in nanotechnology aids to induce "disordered-to crystalline" features and perform numerous structural reinforcements a way from metal aggregate to nano-crystals in the resultant clusters/matrixes that are especial for electro-catalytic usages [1, 2]. Reinforced carbon black matrix is used for air CO2 absorption/desorp-

**4.10 Dendrimer-reinforced polymeric matrix**

tion better than Excellion™ ion-exchange membranes.

"Click" chemistry is found to control reconfigurations or modifications and facilitates stimulus detachment through characteristic porous dendrimeric links so as to yield assorted structures like fine layer-by-layer films, nanoparticles, nanosheets, nanowires and nanotubes especially used for optoelectronic nanodevices [2]. Reinforced dendritic architectures with linear, cross-link and chain-branching can afford many features like open-space functionalization and organize topology, copolymeric hybridization and terminal grafting. Versatile dendritic reinforcement motivates innovative R&D beyond predicted applications in many industries. Hyperbranch supramolecular polymer-based reinforced material matrixes offer sophisticated chemical and biological utilities. Nonmaterial reconfigurations and nanostructure reinforcements are pivotal

**5. Controlled practices for reconfiguration**

**112**

Report stated that the world's nanocomposite automotive market may exceed over one billion pounds in this decade with an ever robust demands in futures. Green nanocomposites obtained via reinforcements of clay, nanocarbon and other nanofibers are beneficial than usual counterparts due to boosted mechanical, electrical and thermal barriers, besides high tensile force, more deflection temperature and flame retardations [1, 29]. Certain polymer-derived nano-material matrixes are found to possess unchanged innate features, viz. native power, viscosity and parallel optic potential by virtue of legitimated morphological reinforcements comprising thousands of hoard layers at nano-scale ensuing exfoliation and dispersion all over surfaces [2]. Reconfiguration further upshots degree of exfoliation in resultant nanostructures ultimately offering greater surface area with improved performance [2, 19, 20].
