Aramid and Carbon Fibers Composites

**36**

2010;**7**(1):20-32

*Composite and Nanocomposite Materials - From Knowledge to Industrial Applications*

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**39**

**Chapter 3**

**Abstract**

*Mikko Kanerva*

ferent length scales.

**1. Introduction**

manufacturers.

**2. Applications**

1.35–1.5 g/cm3

Advanced Treatments of Aramid

Aramid fibers form an important group of fibers for composite applications. These applications range through light-weight shell structures, protective structures in ballistic applications such as helmets and various shields, protective clothing, and car tires, for instance. For structural applications, the composites of aramid fibers and high performance resins must form integral and strong parts. Therefore, the fiber-matrix interface places a significant role. Numerous surface treatments and fiber modifications have been applied over the years to adjust aramid fibers. On the way to improve and optimize these interfaces, various test methods have been applied. The recent studies apply microtesting, e.g., in the form of microdroplet tests. Furthermore, the material properties of the resin, fiber, and interface are used to create numerical models. However, the current challenge is to collect statistically reliable data as well as the necessary parameters to validate the simulations on dif-

**Keywords:** aramid, fiber, interface, finite element analysis, microdroplet

Aramid fibers are a group of tough and strong fibers. The uniting feature of aramid fibers is the synthetic, polymeric base of the fibers. This polymeric base contains essentially a repeating structure of benzene rings connected by amide bonds and interchain hydrogen bonds, and the vast group of these polymers and especially the spun fibers are commonly called aramid fibers. Historically, the commercial fibers were established after discovering the so-called lyotropic liquid crystalline aramids. The first successful spinning trials were run by a famous chemist S. Kwolek while working for the company DuPont. Nowadays, commercial trade names of Kevlar®, Twaron®, and Technora®, are well known, provided by different

Aramid fibers have an inherent yellowish color that often is a sign of wellknown applications of these fibers. Aramid fibers are good in light-weight applications because the density of the fibers is relatively low, in the order of

determine the applications for optimum designs. Indeed, aramid fibers are commercially provided with a range of stiffness and ultimate strength. The fibers that

. Naturally, the stiffness (modulus) and strength of the fibers finally

Fibers for Composite Laminates
