**5. Conclusion**

Electrospun composite nanofibers are advantageous in adsorbing and degrading dyestuffs with better results than using sole absorbents and promote the convenient regeneration. Many transitional metal oxides have shown efficient dye removal effects by both adsorption and photocatalytic degradation. Zeolite, graphene, GO, and MOFs have also demonstrated the high capability for dye adsorption. The mechanisms were driven by physisorption, chemisorption, and so on, which have been discussed thoroughly in this chapter. Future research should be concentrated on combining different adsorbents in the nanofibrous membranes to overcome drawbacks of each adsorbent and create hybrid nanocomposite materials with novelty and super adsorption performance. Lots of advancements are still needed to overcome the remaining issues of recyclability, secondary pollutants, and the viability in the industrial scale for the application in real dye effluents.
