**3. Conclusion**

*Truss and Frames - Recent Advances and New Perspectives*

(**Figure 12**) are an alternative to conventional beams and trusses, which provides a reduction in the construction height (can simultaneously perform the function of

The combined structure of metal trusses with upper spatial zone is presented (**Figure 13**). This design solution can be used as a single-arched system, reinforced with a system of racks with optimal performance, in particular, with an optimal ratio of height and span of the supporting structure. The design feature of this type of structures is the use of elements in the form of rectangular pipes and cantilever

The main elements of the presented design are: (1) the main element of the archa rectangular pipe (section pipe size from 120 to 200 mm); (2) the upper belt of a rectangular pipe (section pipe size from 120 to 200 mm); (3) the lower belt of a rectangular pipe (section pipe size from 80 to 100 mm); (4, 5, 6) racks (section pipe size from 80 to 100 mm); (7) the base plate of the sheet (thickness from 6 to 10 mm); (8) the support edge of the sheet (thickness from 10 to 20 mm). Considering the technological advantages of such a structural form, we note that it is possible to use reduced corrosion-resistant sections of the optimal shape (rectangular pipes) to obtain resource-economic structures with a minimum weight. Outlining the stages of manufacturing this welded arch with racks, a necessary step is to secure the installation with bolts of high strength. The authors recommended the rational use

of combined structures of metal arches with racks for spans 12–36 m.

With the aim of obtaining optimal performance constructive solutions have been proposed combined structure metal truss with upper spatial zone

(**Figure 14**): (1) runs; (2) ties; (3) longitudinal edge of a solid sheet (thickness from 8 to 12 mm); (7, 10) branches of the upper belt in the form of three round (rectangular) pipes (section pipe size from 80 to 100 mm); (4, 11) transverse support ribs of a solid sheet (thickness from 6 to 10 mm); (5) support sheet (thickness from

the enclosing structure), transport and installation costs.

*Combined structure of metal trusses with upper spatial zone [25].*

**108**

arch support system.

**Figure 14.**

The increase in the complexity of the manufacture of spatial structures is overlapped by a decrease in the material intensity of structures, which makes it possible to obtain more economical designs. The proposed new constructive solutions of steel space trusses, arches and frames which have the characteristics of high bearing capacity and the architectural expression, to minimize the indicators of material and labor costs. Structures of this type have increased characteristics of the overall stability of the individual elements and the system as a whole both in the plane and from the plane. As a result of the study, a number of design solutions of light combined structures are presented, which have a wide range of applications in construction. The advantages of the proposed solutions are ease, industry and great rigidity. Numerical calculations of frame structures allowed to bring the efficiency of these design solutions and track a significant reduction in effort in the racks.
