**1. Introduction**

In the conditions of modern construction, the reduction of material consumption with simultaneous increase in reliability and ensuring favorable indicators of economic efficiency is one of the priorities of designers. The main of the many ways to improve the efficiency of construction is the development and improvement of new progressive lightweight structural forms, which significantly improve the technical and economic performance. Recently, a large popularization received various combined systems, which include elements of different stress-strain state. Research of new constructive forms with application of progressive technologies and materials, new algorithms of calculation by numerical methods opened ways of wide distribution of the combined systems abroad. Robot welding line gave the possibility of making resource-saving structures with corrugated walls (beams, columns, arches) and complex light metal structures made of profile pipes an alternative to traditional

constructive solution. A comprehensive solution to this problem requires the development of new resource-efficient designs. With the aim of developing constructive solutions resource consuming structures presents a series resource consuming constructive solutions. The use of such solutions leads to a significant reduction in material consumption with sufficient performance indicators. The light beams can be used in truss structures of beam cages and other beam structures in the construction of residential and public buildings, attics, superstructures, hangars and extensions.

Theoretical and experimental studies of steel beams with corrugated walls are presented in scientific papers [1–3]. In [1] it is noted that in recent years light profiled steel beams (CWSBs) are gaining increasing popularity. The bearing capacity of such structures is lower than the beams with a flat wall and trusses. The existence of three types of failures, namely local, General and mixed, is determined on the basis of experimental studies. Let us consider in detail the results of nonlinear finite element analysis. It is revealed that the shear stress is at the maximum and the same throughout the wall until swelling. Also experimental beams had a margin of carrying capacity, about half of the limit. In the course of the analysis it is proved that the shear stress is the same throughout the low-profile wall and has a maximum value. The authors confirmed the feasibility of using 1993-1-5 for beams with corrugated wall. In [2] the authors consider the theory of stocky beams and propose a new method of nodal lines. This method applies to thin-walled or thick-walled stocky beams. The paper presents the results of solving the problem of delay shift box girder of different thickness. Also, the values of the normal stress of the box beam due to the restrained torsion are obtained. As a result of the research, the authors obtained the values of shear stresses of the box beam due to shear forces. The results of mathematical modeling of transverse shear effect for sandwich beams with sinusoidal corrugated cores are presented in [3]. The authors studied the bending and bending of two sandwich beams, identified trends and the main problem points, presented theoretical models. The possibilities of influence of transverse shear effect on deflections and critical loads of such structures are shown. The results were confirmed by numerical analysis. The main advantages of truss structures are presented. The author's approaches to the variability of use and layout of farms are presented in [4]. In [5] the authors investigate tabular structures. The article calculates the optimal size of the welded tubular truss, analyzes the structural constraints, especially on the strength, stress elements, and geometric parameters of the nodes of the trusses. This optimization makes it possible to notice that the optimal height is determined by a geometric restriction that prescribes the minimum angle of inclination of the diagonals. The authors have calculated the cost parameters of such structures. After comparing the costs of a reinforced pipe and a larger pipe, it was found that the cost of the first is much lower. In work [6] it is noted that in the conditions of modern construction the metal frame becomes gaining popularity and has an esthetic appearance, safe connections, an opportunity to reduce sections of elements, belongs to fast-built designs. The authors highlighted the advantages and disadvantages of aluminum and steel, the analysis of the cost of these materials. Patent developments closest on design features are presented in [7–9]. In [7] represented Beam I-section with a corrugated wall comprising a shelf and welded to them a wall of corrugated metal sheet with a transverse arrangement of corrugations of arbitrary shape, characterized in that the wall consists of two or more parallel connected corrugated sheets, and the shelves are made of steel-concrete, consisting of rigid reinforcement in the form of corrugated sheet metal and reinforcement cage, including longitudinal reinforcement and transverse reinforcement, which embraces the longitudinal reinforcement, connected to it, its ends with a bend inside are welded to a corrugated sheet of metal with a space from the beam wall. In [8] the authors developed a metal beam with a corrugated wall comprising a belt connected

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perceive the efforts of the beam plane.

*Light-Weight Structures: Proposals of Resource-Saving Supporting Structures*

**2. Proposals of resource-efficient beam structures of buildings**

applications in construction, esthetics and many other advantages.

steps that can be adjusted, which is not possible for wavy walls.

by the shelves, and the transverse force is the wall of the beam.

In General, this section is aimed at presenting improved structural forms of resource—economic beams, arches, trusses, the introduction of which will give a significant economic effect, high characteristics of bearing capacity and architectural expressiveness, minimize material and labor costs and provide the possibility of using modern technological equipment of the European level, a wide range of

The proposed beams with cross-profiled wall of trapezoidal (sinusoidal) shape with belts of channels on self-tapping screws are shown in **Figure 1**. The structure of such structures includes a single profiled wall (1), trapezoidal (sinusoidal) shape, which is fixed by screws (4) belt (2) (bent or rolled channels). With the help of welding (3) support ribs (5) (welded brands) are adjacent to the belts, and the wall is attached by means of a lamella screws (4). The proposed design of a steel beam with a cross-profiled box-section wall with uneven pitch of corrugations is shown in **Figure 2**. The profiled wall (2) of the beam has a trapezoidal shape, consists of long (4) and short (3) horizontal sections of the profiled sheet, as well as an inclined section of the corrugation (5). The corrugations of the presented beam have uneven

The wall of the beam is two cold-formed profiled sheets (2), fixed to the belts and ribs (6) around the perimeter, or in this case using lamellas (8), by welding (7). The beam ends have support ribs (6) and the I-beam shelves (1) are made of sheets. The main feature of the work is that the action of the bending moment is perceived

Represented a modified form suggested above I-beam, steel beam from a transversely profiled wall of the box section with unevenly-spaced corrugations and intermittent welds (**Figure 3**). The structure of such a beam includes a trapezoidal profiled wall (2), which is welded on both sides intermittently (6) only on horizontal sections (3, 4) parallel to the longitudinal axis of the beam. The wall of the beam consists of two profiled sheets, which are attached to the edges (5) by continuous welding, and to the belts (1) by means of broken welds, which distinguishes it from the previous one, while providing savings in weld metal. The peculiarity of the beam is that the sections of corrugations are not transmitted longitudinal deformation, which provides a more uniform loading of the beam wall from the shelves. Intermittent welds provide a uniform redistribution of forces in the shelves on the wall of the beam, as in the continuous seams forces quickly fall to a minimum. This occurs without action in the operation of most of the wall. In this case, intermittent welds (length of individual sections from 50 to 150 mm, and the distance between the sections, usually 1.5–2.5 times the length of the site) give some savings in production costs and provide sufficient stability of the wall, which does not

to each other by a corrugated wall with a transverse arrangement of the corrugations by welding, characterized in that it is provided with angles arranged in pairs in the center of the belts parallel to their longitudinal axes, with the outer surfaces of the shelves of the corners are rotated to each other and welded straight weld with a gap between the shelves sufficient to install the corrugated wall, which is fixed by means of an adhesive composition. The beam with a corrugated asymmetric profile wall [9] contains a compressed and stretched belt and wall. The wall, at least in some areas, is traditionally or variably corrugated with transverse corrugations. The profile of the corrugations is asymmetric with respect to the plane passing through the top of

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88237*

the corrugation and normal to the longitudinal axis.

#### *Light-Weight Structures: Proposals of Resource-Saving Supporting Structures DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88237*

*Truss and Frames - Recent Advances and New Perspectives*

constructive solution. A comprehensive solution to this problem requires the development of new resource-efficient designs. With the aim of developing constructive solutions resource consuming structures presents a series resource consuming constructive solutions. The use of such solutions leads to a significant reduction in material consumption with sufficient performance indicators. The light beams can be used in truss structures of beam cages and other beam structures in the construction of residential and public buildings, attics, superstructures, hangars and extensions. Theoretical and experimental studies of steel beams with corrugated walls are presented in scientific papers [1–3]. In [1] it is noted that in recent years light profiled steel beams (CWSBs) are gaining increasing popularity. The bearing capacity of such structures is lower than the beams with a flat wall and trusses. The existence of three types of failures, namely local, General and mixed, is determined on the basis of experimental studies. Let us consider in detail the results of nonlinear finite element analysis. It is revealed that the shear stress is at the maximum and the same throughout the wall until swelling. Also experimental beams had a margin of carrying capacity, about half of the limit. In the course of the analysis it is proved that the shear stress is the same throughout the low-profile wall and has a maximum value. The authors confirmed the feasibility of using 1993-1-5 for beams with corrugated wall. In [2] the authors consider the theory of stocky beams and propose a new method of nodal lines. This method applies to thin-walled or thick-walled stocky beams. The paper presents the results of solving the problem of delay shift box girder of different thickness. Also, the values of the normal stress of the box beam due to the restrained torsion are obtained. As a result of the research, the authors obtained the values of shear stresses of the box beam due to shear forces. The results of mathematical modeling of transverse shear effect for sandwich beams with sinusoidal corrugated cores are presented in [3]. The authors studied the bending and bending of two sandwich beams, identified trends and the main problem points, presented theoretical models. The possibilities of influence of transverse shear effect on deflections and critical loads of such structures are shown. The results were confirmed by numerical analysis. The main advantages of truss structures are presented. The author's approaches to the variability of use and layout of farms are presented in [4]. In [5] the authors investigate tabular structures. The article calculates the optimal size of the welded tubular truss, analyzes the structural constraints, especially on the strength, stress elements, and geometric parameters of the nodes of the trusses. This optimization makes it possible to notice that the optimal height is determined by a geometric restriction that prescribes the minimum angle of inclination of the diagonals. The authors have calculated the cost parameters of such structures. After comparing the costs of a reinforced pipe and a larger pipe, it was found that the cost of the first is much lower. In work [6] it is noted that in the conditions of modern construction the metal frame becomes gaining popularity and has an esthetic appearance, safe connections, an opportunity to reduce sections of elements, belongs to fast-built designs. The authors highlighted the advantages and disadvantages of aluminum and steel, the analysis of the cost of these materials. Patent developments closest on design features are presented in [7–9]. In [7] represented Beam I-section with a corrugated wall comprising a shelf and welded to them a wall of corrugated metal sheet with a transverse arrangement of corrugations of arbitrary shape, characterized in that the wall consists of two or more parallel connected corrugated sheets, and the shelves are made of steel-concrete, consisting of rigid reinforcement in the form of corrugated sheet metal and reinforcement cage, including longitudinal reinforcement and transverse reinforcement, which embraces the longitudinal reinforcement, connected to it, its ends with a bend inside are welded to a corrugated sheet of metal with a space from the beam wall. In [8] the authors developed a metal beam with a corrugated wall comprising a belt connected

**96**

to each other by a corrugated wall with a transverse arrangement of the corrugations by welding, characterized in that it is provided with angles arranged in pairs in the center of the belts parallel to their longitudinal axes, with the outer surfaces of the shelves of the corners are rotated to each other and welded straight weld with a gap between the shelves sufficient to install the corrugated wall, which is fixed by means of an adhesive composition. The beam with a corrugated asymmetric profile wall [9] contains a compressed and stretched belt and wall. The wall, at least in some areas, is traditionally or variably corrugated with transverse corrugations. The profile of the corrugations is asymmetric with respect to the plane passing through the top of the corrugation and normal to the longitudinal axis.
