**Author details**

Lukáš Semerád\* and Martin Drahanský Faculty of Information Technology, Centre of Excellence IT4Innovations, Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic

\*Address all correspondence to: isemerad@fit.vutbr.cz

© 2021 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**93**

*Retina Recognition Using Crossings and Bifurcations DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96142*

[1] Anatomy & Physiology, Connexions Web site. http://cnx.org/content/

*Teleophta: Machine learning and image processing methods for teleophthalmology*. IRBM, Elsevier Masson, Vol. 34, No. 2,

[11] Timberlake G.T., Kennedy M. *The Direct Ophthalmoscope – How it Works and How to Use it*. University of Kansas, 2005, p. 39, available online on: http:// web.media.mit.edu/~raskar/Eye/ TheDirectOphthalmoscope.pdf.

[12] Robert Hill. *Retina Identification*. Michigan State University. 2005

[13] E. Trucco, T. MacGillivray and Y. Xu, "Computational Retinal Image Analysis: Tools, Applications and Perspectives", Academic Press, 2019.

[14] Tower P. *The Fundus Oculi in Monozygotic Twins: Report of Six Pairs of Identical Twins*. AMA Arch Ophthalmology, No. 54, pp. 225-

[15] J. Daugman, "How iris recognition works," IEEE Transaction on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol.

[16] Arakala, A., Culpepper, J. S., Jeffers, J., Turpin, A., Boztas, S., Horadami, K. J., McKendrick, A. M. Entropy of the Retina Template. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009, pp.

[17] A. Jain, L. Hong, S. Pankanti, and R. Bolle, "An identity authentication system using fingerprints," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 85, no. 9, pp. 2127-

[18] X. Tan and B. Bhanu, "A robust two step approach for fingerprint identification," Pattern Recognition Letters, vol. 24, pp. 2127– 2134, 2003.

[19] C. Mariño, M. G. Penedo, M. J. Carreira, and F. González, Retinal

14, no. 1, pp. 21– 30, 2004.

239, 1955.

1250-1259.

2134, 1997.

pp. 196-203, 2013.

[2] M. D. Jakobiec, A. Frederic, "Ocular Anatomy, Embryology and Teratology," Harpercollins, pp. 562-563, 1982.

[3] Barajas H. *Atlas of the Human Eye*: *Anatomy & Biometrics*. Palibrio, p. 74,

[4] Snell R.S., Lemp M.A. *Clinical Anatomy of the Eye*. 2nd Edition, Wiley-Blackwell, 2013, ISBN

[5] Pres M. *Bifurcation localization in retina images*. MSc. thesis, supervised by: Lukas Semerad, Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Information Technology, Czech Republic, 2016.

[6] Optimis Fusion: http://www.askin. cz/prednesegmentove/, accessed on

[7] Kowa VX-20: http://dfv.com.au/ products/diagnostic/diagnosticimaging/kowa-vx-20-mydriatic-nonmydriatic-integrated-fundus-camera/,

[8] Farzin H., Abrishami-Moghaddam H., Moin M.S. *A Novel Retinal Identification System*. EURASIP Journal of Advances in Signal Processing, Hindawi, Vol. 2008, p. 10, DOI 10.1155/2008/280635.

[9] K. Acharjya, G. Sahoo and S. Sharma, "An Extensive Review on Various Fundus Databases Use for Development of Computer-Aided Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Tool", Proceedings of ICSCSP 2018, 2019.

[10] Decencière E., Cazuguel G., Zhang X., Thibault G., Klein J.C., Meyer F., Marcotegui B., Quellec G., Lamard M., Danno R., Elie D., Massin P., Viktor Z., Erginay A., La B. and Chabouis A.

accessed on 2018-06-06.

ISBN 978-1506510330.

978-0632043446.

2018-06-06.

**References**

col11496/1.6/

*Retina Recognition Using Crossings and Bifurcations DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96142*
