**Conflict of interest**

*Sino-Nasal and Olfactory System Disorders*

fewer side effects [53].

nausea and vomiting.

*3.5.5 Steroids (glucocorticoids)*

**3.6 Sinusitis or migraine**

hours to 1 or 2 days [56, 57].

**4. Conclusion**

chronic sinusitis.

his great support.

**Acknowledgements**

caution because it causes steroidal toxicity [54, 55].

*3.5.4 Anti-emetics*

get worse because of ergotamine. Overuse of ergotamine also leads to headache. Dihydroergotamine is comparatively more effective than ergotamine and have

Headaches are mostly associated with nausea and vomiting especially in case of migraine. Anti-emetic medications such as metoclopramide, chlorpromazine and prochlorpromazine are given in combination with other medication to prevent

Glucocorticoids such as dexamethasone are used in combination with other headache medication in order to reduce pain severity. Steroids should be used with

Sinusitis related headaches and migraine are mostly confused with each other in term of diagnosis because signs and symptoms of both ailments are overlapped each other. In both type of headaches, condition become worse when individual bend forward. However in migraine there are also nasal disorders such nasal congestion, stuffy filled nose with watery discharge and facial pressure. Due to these symptoms migraine is mistakenly taken as sinusitis related headache by 90% of the patients. Whereas in case of sinus headache there is no nausea and vomiting which is usually common in migraine. Duration of sinus related headache is from 7 days or even longer however, migraine may last from

Sinusitis is a nasal disorder featured by inflammation of mucosal epithelium of sinuses. Clinical studies have published and trials have been conducted which shows that the sinusitis and rhinitis are the two crucial disorders associated with asthmatics. Sinusitis and asthma follows the same inflammatory pathways and temporal sequence of disease which confirms that their progression is manifested by common nasal disorder. Early prevention and treatment of sinusitis is of great interest I order to prevent the progression of sinusitis into asthma. Sinus headache is also one of the symptoms of the sinusitis. Ninety percent life time incidents of headache are reported. Migraine is some time mistakenly taken as sinus headache. Before treating headache it should be diagnosed clearly whether the cause of headache is primary or secondary. After knowing the sinogenic headache, treatment strategies must be followed. Most of the time sinus related headaches are associated with acute or

I am thank full to the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, for being helpful. My deepest gratitude to Nasir Mahmood Pro Rector Academics, UOL for

**36**

No financial support and no other potential conflict of interest.
