*3.1.2 The comparison of a P300m peak of MEG response with nonsmelling and smelling "Zuko" incense*

From the example of a female subject B2, a cognitive P300m peak without smelling "Zuko" incense at the oddball paradigm of MEG experiment was shown in the following results of **Figure 3a**. And also a P300m peak of the same female subject B2 with smelling "Zuko" incense was shown in the following results of **Figure 11a**.

An example result of the comparison of female subject B2:


From another example of a male subject B1, a cognitive P300m peak without smelling "Zuko" incense at the oddball paradigm of MEG experiment was shown as the following results of **Figure 4a**. And also a P300m peak of the same male subject B1 with smelling "Zuko" incense was shown as the following results of **Figure 12a**.

An example result of the comparison of male subject B1:


#### **3.2 Results of the statistical analysis of the alpha-amylase value**

**Table 1** shows the results of statistical analysis of the alpha-amylase value in the saliva of 10 subjects.

A significant difference (P < 0.079) was found between the mean alphaamylase value of the condition before smelling "Zuko" incense and after smelling "Zuko" incense for female subjects (see **Figure 13**).

**Figure 14** shows that it has no significant for the statistical alpha-amylase value T-tests of the comparison with habit and no habit with the hands in daily life. From these tests, we could not find a significant difference for habit/no habit with putting hands in daily life and could not also find the difference before smelling and after smelling "Zuko" incense.

**Alpha-amylase**

**189**

**Subject** Before experiment

After experiment

Average

*(2)-1*  *(2)-2* 

*The*  *A-group is the subject having the habit of putting the hands in daily life.*

*B-group is the subject having no habit of putting the hands in daily life.*

**Table 1.** *Results of* 

*alpha-amylase*

 *(μg/dL) in the saliva for each 10 subjects.*

*alpha-amylase*

 *value (μg/dL) is an index of the state of stress.*

*Alpha-amylase*

 *value after smelling "Zuko" and MEG experiments.*

*Alpha-amylase*

 *value before smelling "Zuko" and MEG experiments.*

**A1**

4

3

3.5

 13.5

 36

 14.5

 3

 17.2

 5

 72

 19

 3

 20.4

 22

 31

 10

 3

 14

12.14 29.61 21.07

4

 19

 15.5

 19

 6

 12.7

2

 23

 3

 35

 9

 14.4

6

 15

 28

 3

 3

 11

10.7

12.15

*Smelling "Zuko": Incense Rubbing into the Hands and Smelling the Hands Activates…*

11.93

 **A2**

 **A3**

 **A4**

 **A5**

 **Average**

 **Standard deviation**

 **B1 B2**

 **B3**

 **B4**

 **B5 Average**

 **Standard deviation**

 **value (μg/dL)**

**A-group (habit group)**

**B-group (no habit)**

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88987*

*Smelling "Zuko": Incense Rubbing into the Hands and Smelling the Hands Activates… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88987*


#### **Table 1.**

*Results of alpha-amylase (μg/dL) in the saliva for each 10 subjects.*

example of P300m of MEG wave (black wave line) response to "auditory oddball paradigm" for subject B1 with smelling "Zuko" incense into the hands. **Figure 12b** shows a vector of single current dipole estimated in the brain using 3-D coordinates. In this case, we obtained that active area was at the left posterior temporal area in the brain when he recognized a rare tone at the "auditory oddball paradigm" with

From these estimations of **Figure 12**, it was obtained that the results of a cognitive P300m peak height in the brain was 26.0 ft./cm and the active wave area value of the P300 peak was S = 15.0 (fT/cm)<sup>2</sup> at the time T = 281.4 ms when a rare tone was recognized at "auditory oddball paradigm" with smelling "Zuko" incense in the MEG experiment. And it was also obtained that the cognitive P300 peak was found

*3.1.2 The comparison of a P300m peak of MEG response with nonsmelling and smelling*

Without smelling 344.2 ms 26.4 fT/cm 14.3 (fT/cm)2 With smelling 310.5 ms 60.4 fT/cm 32.0 (fT/cm)<sup>2</sup>

From another example of a male subject B1, a cognitive P300m peak without smelling "Zuko" incense at the oddball paradigm of MEG experiment was shown as the following results of **Figure 4a**. And also a P300m peak of the same male subject B1 with smelling "Zuko" incense was shown as the following results of **Figure 12a**.

Without smelling 364.2 ms 11.8 fT/cm 7.5 (fT/cm)2 With smelling 281.4 ms 26.0 fT/cm 15.0 (fT/cm)2

**Table 1** shows the results of statistical analysis of the alpha-amylase value in the

**Figure 14** shows that it has no significant for the statistical alpha-amylase value T-tests of the comparison with habit and no habit with the hands in daily life. From these tests, we could not find a significant difference for habit/no habit with putting hands in daily life and could not also find the difference before smelling and after

A significant difference (P < 0.079) was found between the mean alphaamylase value of the condition before smelling "Zuko" incense and after smelling

An example result of the comparison of female subject B2:

An example result of the comparison of male subject B1:

**3.2 Results of the statistical analysis of the alpha-amylase value**

"Zuko" incense for female subjects (see **Figure 13**).

From the example of a female subject B2, a cognitive P300m peak without smelling "Zuko" incense at the oddball paradigm of MEG experiment was shown in the following results of **Figure 3a**. And also a P300m peak of the same female subject B2 with smelling "Zuko" incense was shown in the following results of **Figure 11a**.

**Latency time Peak height S = active wave area**

**Latency time Peak height S = active wave area**

smelling "Zuko" incense into the hands.

*Sino-Nasal and Olfactory System Disorders*

in left posterior temporal area.

*"Zuko" incense*

saliva of 10 subjects.

smelling "Zuko" incense.

**188**

**Figure 13.** *Results of the comparison for sex difference of alpha-amylase value. P value shows statistical T-tests.*

A few typical examples of the response of smelling "Zuko" incense with putting

*Summaries of active areas in the brain for the response of only smelling "Zuko" incense and for the response of*

*Smelling "Zuko": Incense Rubbing into the Hands and Smelling the Hands Activates…*

**smelling "Zuko" incense to smelling "Zuko" incense with putting the hands**

From the results **Table 2** in Section 3.3, we can summarize the active areas in the brain for changing from only smelling "Zuko" incense to smelling "Zuko" incense

**Figure 15** shows the summaries of active areas in the brain for these changes. In **Figure 15**, we draw two experimental states, for example, yellow symbol color showed the state of the habituation of putting the hands together, and blue symbol color showed the state of the no habituation of putting the hands together. In **Figure 15**, active brain areas for the response of smelling only "Zuko" incense

showed almost temporal regions in the case of habituation of putting the hands together except for two subjects A3 and A5. The response of subject A3 was shown at the left visual V1 area, and the response of subject A5 was shown at the right inner frontal area. However, active brain areas in the case of smelling only "Zuko" incense but no habituation of putting the hands together also showed almost temporal regions except for one subject B3. The response of subject B3 was only shown

On the contrary, active brain areas of smelling "Zuko" incense with putting the hands together showed larger change and different responses from smelling only

In **Figure 15**, we showed these larger changing regions to the square symbols from the ellipse symbols using arrows. In the case of habituation of putting the hands, subject A3 showed larger change to the left orbitofrontal cortex from the left visual V1 area, and another subject A4 showed larger change to the left visual V1 area from the inner temporal area. These results are considerable to suggest that subject A3 and A4 may be activated especially at the orbitofrontal cortex and left

**3.4 The summaries of active areas in the brain for the changing from only**

the hands together were also shown in 3.1.3.3 as in **Figures 8–10**.

These results are summarized in **Table 2**.

*smelling "Zuko" incense with putting the hands together.*

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88987*

**together**

**Table 2.**

with putting the hands together.

at the right orbitofrontal cortex.

visual V1 area, respectively.

"Zuko" incense.

**191**

**Figure 14.** *Results of the statistical comparison with habit and no habit with putting the hands for alpha-amylase value.*

From the individual analysis of alpha-amylase value in **Table 1**, we can find that almost all females have more stress after the experiment of smelling "Zuko" incense with putting hands and measuring MEG than before this experiment. And especially the value of subjects A3, A4, B2, and B4 were larger after the experiment than before it. So, we can find that subjects A1, A2, A5, B1, and B2 were almost no stress after the experiment than before it.
