Preface

Our chemical senses, smell and taste, are of critical importance in our daily lives and contribute to our personal well-being and safety as well as communication with others. However, it is only when disease or injury impairs their function that we appreciate the relevance of these sensory modalities. During the past three decades, research of the olfactory sense has seen an ever-growing interest in this exciting field of study. This book provides the reader with an overview of the latest developments in sino-nasal and olfactory system disorders and focuses on the most important evidence-based developments in this area. This book addresses disorders, dysfunctions, diseases, and syndromes of our olfactory system ranging from molecular, cellular, and systems to cognitive and behavioral topics. Individual chapters center around recent advances in specific areas of chemosensory pathological conditions, while other chapters focus on technological developments to study the function and dysfunction of our olfactory pathways. All chapters represent recent contributions to the rapidly developing field of sino-nasal and olfactory sciences. Accordingly, this book contains chapters from a variety of topics, written by experts in their respective fields. This book will be a most valuable resource for healthcare professionals and scientists alike. In addition, it will contribute to the training of current and future researchers and, hopefully, will lead us on the path to curing some of the biggest challenges in human health.

The book is divided into two section that address primarily sino-nasal disorders (Section 1) or central olfactory functions and disorders (Section 2). Chapter 1 ('Introductory Chapter: Dysfunction of the Olfactory System & Nasal Disorders') by Thomas Heinbockel and Balwant Gendeh introduces the structures and functions of the nose and olfactory pathway, since they form the basis of dysfunctions of the olfactory system and nasal disorders. Other chapters in Section 1 address 'Imaging in Sino-Nasal Disorders' by Heidi Beate Eggesbo (Chapter 2), 'Sinusitis, Asthma and Headache' by Fozia Masood (Chapter 3), 'Septoplasty: endoscopic and open techniques' by Yi-Tsen Lin (Chapter 4), and 'REAHs and REAH – like: an underdiagnosed lesion often misdiagnosed with nasal polyps' by Philippe Eloy, C Fervaille , and MC Nollevaux (Chapter 5).

Section 2 of the book starts with a chapter on 'Neuro-olfactory regulation and salivary actions: a coordinated event for successful blood-feeding behavior in mosquitoes' by Tanwee Das De and Rajnikant Dixit (Chapter 6). This is followed by Chapter 7 about 'Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders in Relation to Olfactory Dysfunction' by Naina Bhatia-Dey and Thomas Heinbockel. Chapter 8 by Motoyasu Honma addresses 'Cross-Modality Dysfunction between the Visual and Olfactory Systems in Parkinson's Disease'. In Chapter 9, Henry P. Barham, Harry E. Zylicz, and Christian A. Hall discuss 'Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks and Encephaloceles'. Chapter 10 focusses on 'Optical Fiber-based Sleep Apnea Syndrome Sensor' written by Seiko Mitachi, Ken Satoh, Kumiko Shimoyama, Makoto Satoh, and Takeshi Sugiyama. In Chapter 11, Assia Belhassan, Samir Chtita, Tahar Lakhlifi, and Mohammed Bouachrine review the topic of '2D and 3D-QSRR Studies of Linear Retention Indices for Volatile Alkylated Phenols'. In the final chapter (Chapter 12), Mitsuo Tonoike explains 'Smelling "Zuko", incense rubbing into hands and putting the hands together promote to excite brain'.

**II**

**Chapter 8 115**

**Chapter 9 127**

**Chapter 10 135**

**Chapter 11 155**

**Chapter 12 173**

Cross-Modality Dysfunction between the Visual and Olfactory

Systems in Parkinson's Disease

Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks and Encephaloceles

Optical Fiber-Based Sleep Apnea Syndrome Sensor

*by Assia Belhassan, Samir Chtita, Tahar Lakhlifi* 

the Hands Activates Specific Brain Regions

*by Henry P. Barham, Harry E. Zylicz and Christian A. Hall*

*by Seiko Mitachi, Ken Satoh, Kumiko Shimoyama, Makoto Satoh* 

2D- and 3D-QSRR Studies of Linear Retention Indices for Volatile

Smelling "Zuko": Incense Rubbing into the Hands and Smelling

*by Motoyasu Honma*

*and Takeshi Sugiyama*

Alkylated Phenols

*by Mitsuo Tonoike*

*and Mohammed Bouachrine*

We are grateful to IntechOpen for conceiving of this book project and for asking us to serve as editors. Thanks goes to Mia Vulovic at IntechOpen, London, England for guiding us through the publication process and for moving the book ahead in a timely fashion. Thanks are due to all contributors of this book for taking the time to write a chapter proposal, compose their chapter and make the requested revisions. Hopefully, all contributors will continue their nasal and olfactory research with many intellectual challenges in exciting new directions. T.H. would like to thank his wife Dr. Vonnie D.C. Shields, Associate Dean and Professor, Towson University, Towson, MD and their son Torben Heinbockel for the time that he was able to spend working on this book project during the past year. Finally, T.H. is grateful to his parents Erich and Renate Heinbockel for their continuous support and interest in his work over many years.
