**1. Introduction**

Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is an important public health problem. It is a leading cause of disability in children. Even if it is a major public concern and a high cost, there is little awareness among the general public and medical officers. Most pregnant women are not aware of CMV and do not know how to prevent it. Congenitally infected neonates often appear asymptomatic at birth or have nonspecific symptoms. An early diagnosis and subsequent early antiviral therapy associated to nonpharmacological therapy (e.g., hearing rehabilitation, speech-language therapy, and cochlear implants) can reduce long-term disability.

Routine ultrasound scans fail to identify signs of cytomegalovirus infection till late gestation. Furthermore, most congenitally infected babies are asymptomatic at birth and thus will not be identified by routine clinical examination or hearing test (the majority of neonates with CMV-related sensorineural hearing loss will have late onset or progressive losses). Although congenital cytomegalovirus infection is more common than most screened newborn conditions, a routine cytomegalovirus screening at birth is not performed [1], even if the existence of reliable tests to early diagnose the condition, the improved outcomes following early diagnosis and the successful antiviral treatment could fulfill the criteria for universal screening [2, 3].
