*3.2.1 CGH setup for SDM*

Setup alignments were carried out, using a red laser of 637 nm (power 70 mW, SM fiber-pigtailed laser diode), a collimator, two lenses, a charge-coupled device (CCD) image sensor, and the LCoS-SLM. After the alignments, an MCF of 10 m of length and a bit error rate (BER) tester were introduced in the setup, as depicted in **Figure 6**.

**125**

*Spatial Light Modulation as a Flexible Platform for Optical Systems*

The MCF contained four cores arranged in a quadrangular lattice pattern, with a

*[A] Hologram reconstruction scheme using an infrared (IR) laser of 1550 nm, a polarization controller, lens L1,* 

The nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) signal was generated by a pattern generator (Agilent N4901B) using a pseudorandom binary sequence (PRBS) 231–1. This signal was injected to the tunable direct modulator laser to create 10 Gb/s optical signal. After the MCF, the signal was detected by avalanche photodiode (APD) receiver

In an effort to eliminate the phase distortion and enable the full Fourier transform scale by the focal length (*f*) factor, the optical system is designed based on the 4*f* system configuration. The implementation is the basis of a low distortion optical

The setup consists of devices such as two lenses (AC254–050-C-ML, AR coating 1050–1620 nm) L1 and L2 with a focal length of 75 and 250 mm, respectively; polarization controller; an infrared (IR) laser of 1550 nm (wavelength); a near-infrared (1460–1600 nm) camera (sensing area, 6.4 × 4.8 mm; resolution, 752 × 582; pixel size, 8.6 × 8.3 μm) for capturing the produced hologram; and a neutral density filter, to prevent saturation in the camera acquisition

In this section, we present the experimental CGH results obtained for the SDM

Test result shows an error-free transmission below the BER limit of 3.8 × 10<sup>−</sup><sup>3</sup>

effective dynamic optimization of the MCF fiber transmission [18].

Thus, the SLM framework was able to properly function as a spatial coupling interface between the SLM generated pattern and the MCF cores. The platform allows an easy adjustment of the generated phase mask (CGH), contributing to an

was measured in the experiment described in Section 3.2.1.

side length of 36.25 μm and attenuation @1550 nm of 0.45 dB/km.

*an LCoS-SLM, lens L2, and an IR camera. [B] Photography of the presented setup.*

inside the small form-factor pluggable (SFP) transceiver.

*3.2.2 CGH setup for PIC*

(see **Figure 7**) [8, 23].

and PIC applications.

**4. Results and discussion**

**4.1 SLM platform for MCF**

A BER of 1.2 × 10<sup>−</sup><sup>3</sup>

(7% hard-decision FEC) [54, 55] threshold.

system.

**Figure 7.**

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88216*

*Spatial Light Modulation as a Flexible Platform for Optical Systems DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88216*

**Figure 7.**

*Telecommunication Systems – Principles and Applications of Wireless-Optical Technologies*

8.0 μm, a 92% fill factor, and 80% reflectivity are employed for displaying the

Two different setup arrangements were implemented to create CGH for SDM

Setup alignments were carried out, using a red laser of 637 nm (power 70 mW, SM fiber-pigtailed laser diode), a collimator, two lenses, a charge-coupled device (CCD) image sensor, and the LCoS-SLM. After the alignments, an MCF of 10 m of length and a bit error rate (BER) tester were introduced in the setup, as depicted

*[A] Setup diagram of the SLM platform for MCF applications. [B1, B2] photographs of the setup.*

, a pixel pitch of

1400–1700 nm. Additionally, an active area of 15.36 × 8.64 mm<sup>2</sup>

generated hologram.

*3.2.1 CGH setup for SDM*

in **Figure 6**.

(e.g., MCF) and PIC applications.

**124**

**Figure 6.**

*[A] Hologram reconstruction scheme using an infrared (IR) laser of 1550 nm, a polarization controller, lens L1, an LCoS-SLM, lens L2, and an IR camera. [B] Photography of the presented setup.*

The MCF contained four cores arranged in a quadrangular lattice pattern, with a side length of 36.25 μm and attenuation @1550 nm of 0.45 dB/km.

The nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) signal was generated by a pattern generator (Agilent N4901B) using a pseudorandom binary sequence (PRBS) 231–1. This signal was injected to the tunable direct modulator laser to create 10 Gb/s optical signal. After the MCF, the signal was detected by avalanche photodiode (APD) receiver inside the small form-factor pluggable (SFP) transceiver.

#### *3.2.2 CGH setup for PIC*

In an effort to eliminate the phase distortion and enable the full Fourier transform scale by the focal length (*f*) factor, the optical system is designed based on the 4*f* system configuration. The implementation is the basis of a low distortion optical system.

The setup consists of devices such as two lenses (AC254–050-C-ML, AR coating 1050–1620 nm) L1 and L2 with a focal length of 75 and 250 mm, respectively; polarization controller; an infrared (IR) laser of 1550 nm (wavelength); a near-infrared (1460–1600 nm) camera (sensing area, 6.4 × 4.8 mm; resolution, 752 × 582; pixel size, 8.6 × 8.3 μm) for capturing the produced hologram; and a neutral density filter, to prevent saturation in the camera acquisition (see **Figure 7**) [8, 23].
