**2. Introduction**

The smart grid (SG) is the next generation of power grids. Its purpose is to overcome the problems that exist in the conventional power grid. Smart grid technology has been used, such as sensors and communication networks, and advanced software and sensors to provide control and enhance the protection and optimisation of all network components, including production, transmission, and distribution.

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**Figure 1.**

*Communication network architecture [14].*

automatically [13].

*New High-Speed Directional Relay Based on Wireless Sensor Network for Smart Grid Protection*

Although neural networks implement to solve tuning problems, the fuzzy logic controller is intended to use structured knowledge in the form of rules [4, 5].

The combination of Fuzzy Logic and neural networks provides the ability to solve optimisation problems. This new method consolidates the established advantages of both approaches and avoids the limitations of both approaches. Control algorithms are used to prevent unexpected fluctuations in voltage and frequency. Smart grids use energy storage systems and communication networks to ensure total coordination between power generation and energy use. Reduce the energy loss of the network to minimise demand and energy costs [6–8]. A reliable, real-time information flow among parts of the network is critical to the success of the smart grid self-regulation process. There are many wireless standards for technical applications [9]. One of the most popular technologies is ZigBee wireless sensor network (WSN), which is distributed on the smart grid structure, which has a lot of equipment to communicate with each other through the wireless network. These electronic devices are called Sensors/Detectors/Transducers [9]. Sensors are devices that can recognise several of the physical units, such as current, voltage, impedance, etc. Also, the ZigBee system is featured by low energy consumption. It is also more economical than other communications because it provides flexibility and scalability [10–12]. The construction of this chapter is as follows: Section 2 confers a study of the SG communication system. The proposed protection system and results are analysed in Section 3; Section 4 the wireless sensor network using OPNET and simulation

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.85891*

results; In Section 5, the conclusions are discussed.

**3. The smart grid communication network architecture**

The old communication system is characterised by limited efficiency and limited information exchange; the intelligent metering network is the backbone of a smart distribution network. It is essential to select the appropriate communications to facilitate the real-time flow of bi-directional information. It is mainly used by the main transmission point and a limited number of sensors on the transmission line for control and fault detection. Compared with the traditional network, an intelligent system contains a much larger number of sensors. Sensors are used to exchange information between terminals devices and data centres to handle such a large data stream, the SG must-have reliable communications and security infrastructure. The communication infrastructure must be self-managed and configured to change

#### *New High-Speed Directional Relay Based on Wireless Sensor Network for Smart Grid Protection DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.85891*

Although neural networks implement to solve tuning problems, the fuzzy logic controller is intended to use structured knowledge in the form of rules [4, 5].

The combination of Fuzzy Logic and neural networks provides the ability to solve optimisation problems. This new method consolidates the established advantages of both approaches and avoids the limitations of both approaches. Control algorithms are used to prevent unexpected fluctuations in voltage and frequency. Smart grids use energy storage systems and communication networks to ensure total coordination between power generation and energy use. Reduce the energy loss of the network to minimise demand and energy costs [6–8]. A reliable, real-time information flow among parts of the network is critical to the success of the smart grid self-regulation process. There are many wireless standards for technical applications [9]. One of the most popular technologies is ZigBee wireless sensor network (WSN), which is distributed on the smart grid structure, which has a lot of equipment to communicate with each other through the wireless network. These electronic devices are called Sensors/Detectors/Transducers [9]. Sensors are devices that can recognise several of the physical units, such as current, voltage, impedance, etc. Also, the ZigBee system is featured by low energy consumption. It is also more economical than other communications because it provides flexibility and scalability [10–12].

The construction of this chapter is as follows: Section 2 confers a study of the SG communication system. The proposed protection system and results are analysed in Section 3; Section 4 the wireless sensor network using OPNET and simulation results; In Section 5, the conclusions are discussed.
