**3.1 Wireless area network (WAN)**

It serves as backbones that help the power grid that provides communication between utility systems and substation systems. The can help prevent power outages by providing real-time information from the electricity grid. It supports real-time control and protection. This system is useful when dealing with unforeseen contingencies, and it is essential to avoid interruptions and failures [17–20]. This application helps in performing a generator process and provides support for large power systems. The main disadvantage of this kind of WLAN is the possibility of devices interfering at the same frequency is high. The network operates between 2.4 and 3.5 GHz. Among its advantages are low-cost equipment, the use of which has spread across a wide range of applications.
