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**17** 

*Iran* 

Farshad Darvishi

**Microbial Biotechnology in Olive Oil Industry** 

Microbial biotechnology is defined as any technological application that uses microbiological systems, microbial organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use (Okafor 2007). Current agricultural and industrial practices have led to the generation of large amounts of various low-value or negative cost crude wastes, which are difficult to treat and valorize. Production of agro-industrial waste pollutants has become a major problem for many industries. The olive oil industry generates large amounts of olive mill wastes (OMWs) as by-products that are harmful to the

However, OMWs have simple and complex carbohydrates that represent a possible carbon resource for fermentation processes. In addition, OMWs generally contain variable quantities of residual oil, the amount of which mainly depends on the extraction process (D'Annibale et al. 2006). Therefore, OMWs could be used as substrate for the synthesis of biotechnological high-value metabolites that their utilization in this manner may help solve

The fermentation of fatty low-value renewable carbon sources like OMWs to production of various added-value metabolites such as lipases, organic acids, microbial biopolymers and lipids, single cell oil , single cell proteins and biosurfactants is very interesting in the sector of industrial microbiology and microbial biotechnology (Darvishi et al. 2009). Thus, more research is needed on the development of new bioremediation technologies and strategies of

Few investigations dealing with the development of value-added products from these low cost materials, especially OMWs have been conducted. This chapter discusses olive oil microbiology, the most significant recent advances in the various types of biological

In applied microbiology, specific microorganisms employed to remove environmental pollutants or industrial productions have often been isolated from specific sites. For example, when attempting to isolate an organism that can degrade or detoxify a specific target compound like OMW, sites may be sampled that are known to be contaminated by

OMWs, as well as the valorisation by microbial biotechnology (Morillo et al. 2009).

treatment of OMWs and derived added-value microbial products.

**1. Introduction** 

environment (Roig et al. 2006).

**2. Olive oil microbiology** 

pollution problems (Mafakher et al. 2010).

*Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Maragheh,* 

Reactor Combining Membrane and Supercritical Co2. *Journal of Supercritical Fluids*, 41, 3, 380-385


Akoh, C.C.&Min, D.B., pp. (807-840), CRC Press,

