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**16** 

*Canada* 

*University of Alberta* 

**Potential Applications of Green** 

Ozan Nazim Ciftci, Deniz Ciftci and Ehsan Jenab

**Technologies in Olive Oil Industry** 

Conventional olive oil production methods create large amounts of waste and by-products. Most production plants do not invest in purification and utilization of those by-products. Purification or conversion methods may add value to those by-products and prevent the

Global trends show that "green" products and technologies are needed. Increasing environmental concerns, government measures and population drive the search for green processes to replace the conventional ones. This search is essential to achieve sustainable processing and to reduce commercial energy use (Clark, 2011). There are several applications

This chapter reviews the potential applications of major green processes such as supercritical fluid extraction, membrane technology, bioconversions and molecular

Supercritical Fluid Technology (SFT) has received growing interest as a green technology, with extraction being the main application in the food industry. Fluids become supercritical by increasing pressure and temperature above the critical point. Supercritical fluids have liquid-like solvent power and gas-like diffusivity. These physical properties make them

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most widely used supercritical fluid due to a lack of toxicity and flammability, low cost, wide availability, tunable solvent properties, and moderate critical temperature and pressure (31.1°C and 7.38 MPa) (Black, 1996). Because of the relatively low viscosity, high molecular diffusivity and low surface tension of the system, mass transfer is improved in supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) in comparison to liquid organic solvents (Oliveira & Oliveira, 2000). Moreover, separation of CO2 from the product can easily be achieved by reduction of pressure, because the products do not dissolve in CO2 at atmospheric pressure. Another unique property of supercritical fluids is their selectivity. The density of a supercritical fluid is higher than that of a gas, making them better solvents. Extraction selectivity of supercritical fluids can be changed altering density which is done by adjusting

**1. Introduction** 

environmental pollution.

for green technology in the olive oil industry.

distillation in the olive oil industry.

**2. Supercritical fluid technology** 

ideal clean solvents for extraction of lipids.

