**6. Use of by-products of olive oil industry for waste treatment**

The use of by-products of the olive oil industry for waste treatment is another green approach. Solid olive wastes were used for water purification by El-Hamouz et al. (2007). The solid olive residue was processed to yield relatively high-surface area active carbon after extraction of the oil from the residue. The resulting carbon was used to reversibly adsorb chromate ions from water, aiming at a purication process with reusable active carbon. In another study, olive pomace was used as reactive dye biosorbent material for the removal of RR198 textile dye from aqueous solutions (Akar et al., 2009).

Vlyssides et al. (2004) developed an integrated pollution prevention method which decreased wasterwater production 50% from the 3-phase olive oil extraction process. The

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process included mechanical separation, crushing, mixing, composting, malaxation, 3-phase centrifugation, coagulation flocculation, chemical oxidation, biological treatment, and reed beds steps. Furthermore, a Fenton oxidation process was used to detoxify the wastewater, with the possibility of extracting commercially valuable antioxidant products. They also produced high-quality compost from the solid residues.
