**9.7 Pest and disease**

Australia has been free of many cosmopolitan olive pests due to its isolation but the rapid expansion of the olive industry in all mainland states has led to increased problems with pests and diseases. The control of these problems became a focus for all growers. A report on sustainable Pest & Disease Management in Australia Olive Production (Spooner-Hart, 2005) describes sustainable management, monitoring pest and beneficial species in groves and identified a number of previously unreported pests and diseases. Further publications have included a field guide to olive pests, diseases and disorders in Australia (Spooner-Hart et al., 2007) designed as a quick reference to take into the grove and use to identify pests and diseases and the damage they cause.

#### **9.8 Waste management**

Dealing with by-products of olive oil processing is another important issue in modern agriculture. A study on recycling of solid waste from the olive oil extraction process (Tan & Markham, 2008) and a subsequent report outlines methods for developing an environmentally sustainable system to manage solid waste from the 2- and 3-phase olive oil mill extraction processes. The expanding Australian olive industry over recent years, with significant increase in fruit production, has resulted in vast quantities of solid and liquid wastes generated to the detriment of the environment. The industry is been faced with the

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challenge to manage these wastes in order to achieve sustainable production under a clean environment. The research work provided the industry with a tool to recycle processed oil mill waste to improve the health of the crop and the status of the soil.

#### **9.9 Reviews**

The revival and development of the olive industry stimulated wide areas of research over a relatively short period. The quest for information has been intense. This has led to the publication of several reviews being carried out, particularly regarding the potential for olive production in Australia. These include studies by McEvoy et al. (1999) in which the market for the development of an olive industry in Australia was examined based on analysis of: trends in international production and trade; consumer segments and product characteristics; whether Australia could compete with imported olive products.

Another review contains detailed steps required to establish an olive grove in Australia and is a comprehensive survey of the Australian Industry (Meyers Strategy Group, 2010). It was developed as a method of establishing how Australia could compete in a rapidly growing olive industry worldwide.
