**14. References**

Adebowale, A.A, Sanni S.A., & Falore O.A. (2010). Varietal differences in the Physical properties and proximate composition of elite sesame seeds. *Libyan Agricultural Research Center Journal International* 1 (2): 103 – 107

Though sesame seeds have a wide range of health and commercial benefits, they have some anti-nutritional properties. Sesame seeds contain a high amount of the phytic acid which is an anti-nutrient. Another disadvantage of the seed is that it produces allergic reactions in some people. The allergy may be mild and appear as hives, dermatitis and itching or be severe and lead to severe physical symptoms like vomiting, pain abdomen, swelling of lips and throat leading to breathing difficulty, chest congestion and death. The laxative effect of sesame also indicates that sesame oil should not be used by people who have diarrhea.

Based on different research studies carried out on sesame seed, the following studies can be further carried out on sesame seeds and its products to enhance its utilization especially in

The seed could be further explored to develop a high crude oil yield variety that would

The high percentage of oil makes this seed a distinct potential for the oil industry

 The high unsaponifiable matters content (1.87%) of sesame oil guarantees the use of the oil in cosmetics industry. The oil extracts exhibited good physicochemical properties

Extensive research work still needs to be carried out on sesame seed for its industrial

Sesame seed is an oil-seed crop, with edible and odourless oil, and with good source of protein for man and livestock. Its utilization in Nigeria is however mainly for exports and limited local household use within regions in which it is grown in the nation. This is because the low level of information on the Nigerian variety has limited its utilization nationally but information available on international varieties has however made its utilization as an

This chapter is aimed at documenting relevant information of Nigerian variety of sesame seed (making a comparison with international varieties) and also examining and presenting the results of studies that have been carried out on the oilseed generally. The information thus documented is expected to bridge the gap and provide people involved in the food chain of seame seed- with useful literature on the crop. This information will also enhance utilization of the crop and enable producers, processors and consumers to effectively exploit the potential

Adebowale, A.A, Sanni S.A., & Falore O.A. (2010). Varietal differences in the Physical

properties and proximate composition of elite sesame seeds. *Libyan Agricultural* 

benefits of sesame seed with regards to the Nigerian food and agricultural system.

be of immense nutritional and economic advantage (Adebowale et al, 2010)

and could be useful for industrial applications (Nzikou et al., 2010).

export crop more prominent than being used for home consumption.

*Research Center Journal International* 1 (2): 103 – 107

utilization as a biofuel resource material in Nigeria (Fariku et al., 2007)

**11. Adverse effects** 

**12. Further studies** 

(Nzikou et al., 2009).

**13. Conclusion** 

**14. References** 

Nigeria:


 http://mpstateagro.nic.in/Project%20Reports%20pdf/Dehulled%20and%20Roaste d%20S esame%20Seed%20Oil%20Processing%20Unit.pdf


**6** 

*Italy* 

**Adaptability and Sustainable Management of** 

Federica Zanetti1, Giuliano Mosca1, Enrico Rampin1 and Teofilo Vamerali2

The use of high-erucic acid oils is currently receiving increasing attention, due to the great interest in chemical compounds derived from "green feedstock". At world level, the production of these raw materials is constantly growing, and a real niche market has progressively been created (Mosca & Boatto, 1994). This scenario will allow greater substitution of chemicals with "green" compounds, and the introduction of industrial oilcrops may lead to further expansion of the green market. Alternative uses of crops for nonfood purposes may be an interesting source of profit for farmers, as is happening for higherucic acid oils. The current demand for these oils is still limited: at world level, it is nearly 20,000 tonnes of erucic acid, corresponding to about 57,000 tonnes of oils, used for deriving

Erucic acid is an unsaturated fatty acid (C22:1) with a large number of applications in the chemical industry because it confers desirable technological characteristics, such as high

Erucic acid is mainly transformed into erucamide, a slip agent for plastic film production. There are also other important derived compounds, such as behenic, brassilic and pelargonic acids, obtained through chemical reactions (e.g., hydrogenation, ozonolysis), which have interesting and innovative uses in the manufacture of chemicals, lubricants and

The actual world need for seeds containing erucic acid is not very large, about 100,000- 120,000 tonnes, but the positive trend observed in the last few years should allow significant extension of these cultivations. This implies that studies on the adaptation of species

*Brassicaceae* are the most interesting botanical Family for producing erucic acid, due to the large number of suitable species and varieties, providing on their own the whole amount of erucic needed worldwide. The content of erucic acid ranges greatly, with high inter- and intra-specific variations (Table 1): within the same species, variations may be very large,

erucamide and various others chemical compounds (Figure 1).

lubricity, cold stability and fire resistance, on oils and derived compounds.

detergents (Cardone et al., 2003; Gunstone & Hamilton, 2001; Taylor et al., 2010).

containing erucic acid in various environments are really essential.

**1. Introduction** 

**High-Erucic** *Brassicaceae*

 *University of Padova, Padova,* 

 **in Mediterranean Environment** 

*1Department of Environmental Agronomy and Crop Sciences,* 

*2Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Parma, Parma,* 

Langham D. R, Riney J., Smith G., & Wiemers T. (2008) Sesame Harvest Guide. September 2008. 21/08/11. Available at

www.sesaco.net/Harvest%20pamphlet%20080903%20final%20b.pdf


www.naturland.de/fileadmin/MDB/documents/Publication/English/sesame.pdf

