**6.4 Melting and solidification of metals, non-metals, and composites**

It has been observed that the supercooling properties of sodium acetate trihydrate can be improved by addition of nano-Cu [78]. A simulation model of melting and solidification of PCM in metallic porous foam has been investigated in the heat exchanger. The Hunt-Trivedi model has been used to simulate the solidification process of AISI 304 stainless steel [79].

### **6.5 Crystal growth**

The crystal growth involves controlled growth of microstructure using optical heating, modeling of mass crystallization in magma chamber, effect of crystal growth on solute distribution, and simulation of crystal growth for binary melting process [80, 81].

### **6.6 Globules, spray, and plunge cooling**

This subsection deals with the deposition of metal droplets on the premolten pool and wavy surfaces, numerical analysis using FEM to study fluid mechanics and heat transfer of solder droplet on flat surface, numerical analysis of microdroplet deposition over a novel micromanufacturing process, and utilization of impulse atomization technique to produce controlled size droplets [82–84].
