**7.4 Turbulent flow**

Numerical methods can also be utilized to predict the turbulent flow. k-ϵ and LES model were used to study turbulent flow field around rows of tree and building, turbulence in flow field and temperature can be predicted, renormalization is used to determine the eddy diffusion in turbulence flow, intermittency model was developed for studying the laminar boundary transition at supersonic and hypersonic condition, and LES is used to forecast the heat transfer coefficient and blade metal temperature [92].
