**3. Heat exchanger**

Heat exchanger is an energy (heat) exchange equipment, where it transfers the heat from a working medium to another working medium. Knowing heat exchanger is important in wildly fields as in aerospace, petrochemical industry, refrigeration, and other fields. The optimization design of the heat exchanger is a great significance to industry process to reduce production cost, realize energy conservation, and reduce energy consumption [38]. The development technique for different types of the heat exchanger has been reviewed by many researchers. The development method can be by two ways: passive method and active method. The passive method is to generate swirling flow and disturb the thermal boundary layer by installing vortex generator or tabulators such as baffle, rib, winglet, wing, etc.

**Compound**

**152**

Methane

Ethane Propane Isobutane

*n*-Butane Isopentane

*n*-Pentane

*n*-Hexane *n*-Heptane

*n*-Octane *n*-Nonane *n*-Decane Carbon monoxide

Carbon dioxide Hydrogen sulfide

Air

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Nitrogen

Water

**Table 1.** *Physical properties of each components.*

H O

2

 18.0153

N2

28.0135

492.5

3200.1

O2

31.9988

731.4

H2

2.0159

190.7

 H2S

—

28.9586

551.9

220.97

399.9 181.43 232.53

705.1

0.0511 0.04975

0.0458 0.5319 0.0367

 34.082

 CO

 CO2

44.01

1070.0 1306.5

 28.01

C10

H22

142.282

304.6 506.7

652.2 220.63

87.76 212.81

C9H20

128.255

330.7

C8H18

114.229

360.7

 C

H7 16

100.202

396.8

C6H14

86.175

436.9

C H5 12

72.149

488.8

 C

H5 12

72.149

490.4

C4H10

58.122

550.9

C4H10

58.122

527.9

C H3 8

44.096

615.5

C H2 6

30.069

706.6

CH4

16.042

667.0

 **Formula**

 **Molecular**

**Critical pressure**

**Critical** 

**temperature**

**Critical volume**

**Liquid specific gravity**

**Gas specific**

**Acentric**

**factor**

**(air = 1)** 0.55400

1.03830

1.52270

2.00710

2.00710

2.49140

2.49140

2.97580

3.46020

3.94450

4.42890

4.91330

0.96720

1.51970

1.17690

1.00000

0.06961

1.10500

0.96740

0.62210

 0.3443

 0.0372

 0.0222

0.2140

—

 0.1010

 0.2239

 0.0510

 0.4875

 0.4421

 0.3977

 0.3483

 0.2993

 0.2515

 0.2284

 0.2003

 0.1865

*Inverse Heat Conduction and Heat Exchangers*

 0.1529

 0.0994

 0.0115

**(water = 1)**

(0.3) 0.35643 0.50738 0.56295 0.58408 0.62460 0.63113 0.66404 0.68819 0.70698 0.72186 0.73406 0.79265 0.82203 0.80269 0.87603 0.07087 1.14230 0.80687 1.00000

**(ft3/lb)**

**(°F)**

116.66

89.92 205.92 274.41 305.55

369 385.8 453.3 512.9 564.2 610.8

0.0985 0.0775 0.0728 0.0715 0.0703 0.0685 0.0676 0.0688 0.0682 0.0673

0.693 0.0703 0.0527 0.0343 0.0462

**weight**

**(psla)**

The active method is to add the external power to increase efficiency and heat transfer rate such as vibration. So the use of the active method must consider both benefit of the system and additional power cost [39].

Example 1: In case of study characteristics of fluid flow and heat transfer in the (100) silicon microchannel heat sink, the heat convection capabilities in the phase changes as well as in a single-phase flow and the mechanism of bubble nucleation. In the heat transfer characteristics, the results illustrate that changing in the phase process in the microchannels reduces environment working temperature and absorbs the heat. Six different microchannel geometries are selected for the heat

**Figure 1** shows that the decreasing wall temperature phenomenon during the

On the aspect of fluid flow characteristics, the effects of the viscosity and friction coefficient of the fluid in the microchannels are much significant than the macros. Where the specifications of the sink are registered in **Table 2**, Chip 1–4 are prepared for fluid flow experiment. The friction factor is decreasing with the power

2.Changing in thermophysical properties such as viscosity, surface tension,

4.The modification of wettability and capillary wicking force surface roughness

**Hydraulic diameter (μm) Number of channels**

During the last 2 years, there were some review papers which outlined the subject of boiling heat transfer using nanofluids as a new category in thermal fluids.

Chip 1 400 260 221 10 Chip 2 300 130 150 13 Chip 3 250 184 134 15 Chip 4 200 148 109 19 Chip 5 150 113 83 25 Chip 6 100 78 57 38

transfer experiment as shown in **Table 2**.

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89919*

*Equation of State*

phase change is the same as Peng and Wang [43].

of Reynolds number as shown in **Figure 2** [44].

**Chip name Width (μm)**

**Table 2.**

**Figure 1.**

**155**

*The heat flux and channel wall temperature.*

*Specification of the sink.*

**Wc**

1.Nanoparticle types and concentration in the base fluids

3.The operation condition especially the mass and heat fluxes

**Depth (μm) Hc**

thermal conductivity, density, and heat capacity
