Section 1

From Reasonable Control to Balanced Human and Artificial Intelligence, Achievable Effects and Sustainable Harmony

**Chapter 1**

**Abstract**

**1. Introduction**

logic reasoning.

**3**

Probabilistic Methods for

Problems in Artificial

*Andrey Kostogryzov and Victor Korolev*

solutions are demonstrated by practical examples.

engineering–System life cycle processes").

Intelligence Systems

Cognitive Solving of Some

As a result of the analysis of dispatcher intelligence centers and aerial, land, underground, underwater, universal, and functionally focused artificial intelligence robotics systems, the problems of rational control, due to be performed under specific conditions of uncertainties, are chosen for probabilistic study. The choice covers the problems of planning the possibilities of functions performance on the base of monitored information about events and conditions and the problem of robot route optimization under limitations on risk of "failure" in conditions of uncertainties. These problems are resolved with a use of the proposed probabilistic approach. The proposed methods are based on selected probabilistic models (for "black box" and complex systems), which are implemented effectively in wide application areas. The cognitive solving of problems consists in improvements, accumulation, analysis, and use of appearing knowledge. The described analytical

**Keywords:** artificial intelligence system, method, probability, risk, uncertainty

Today, artificial intelligence (AI) has confidently entered our lives. The first mention of it belongs to the mid-50s of the last century. Under AI, we usually understand it as the branch of computer science devoted to develop data processing systems that perform functions normally associated with human intelligence, such as reasoning, learning, and self-improvement (ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 Information technology–Vocabulary–Part 1). According to this, over the decades, AI has found its application in expert systems supporting decision-making, in heuristic classification, computer vision, pattern recognition, understanding natural language, etc. [1–14]. Here, under AI systems (AIS), we understand systems that include data processing systems that perform functions by AI, in particular by modeling and

Note. System is a combination of interacting elements organized to achieve one or more stated purposes (according to ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288 "Systems and software
