**5.3 Echocardiogram**

Echocardiography is the most sensitive method of diagnosing pericardial effusion. It also aids in differential diagnosis from other cardiac diseases.

From the right parasternal view, hypoechoic to anechoic (echo-free space) area between the epicardium and pericardium is evident (**Figures 7** and **8**). In some cases, a left parasternal view may allow better visualization of the right side of the heart, which may aid in identifying right atrial masses. Diastolic collapse of the right atrium or ventricle can be detected and is diagnostic of pericardial tamponade.

#### *Pericardial Effusion in Dogs DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89051*


#### **Figure 5.**

*Low voltage QRS complex (Lead II)—ECG of a dog with pericardial effusion and dilated cardiomyopathy.*

#### **Figure 6.**

*Electrical alternans with slight wide P wave (Lead II).*

#### **Figure 7.**

*Dilated right and left ventricle with pericardial effusion (short axis view- B mode).*

#### **Figure 8.**

*M-mode image of pericardial effusion dog.*

Transthoracic two-dimensional echocardiography reportedly has 80% sensitivity for a diagnosis of cardiac masses. In most cases, clinicians with basic ultrasonographic skills can readily identify pericardial effusion. However, visualization and definitive

identification of masses often require an exhaustive echocardiographic examination from both sides of the thorax and a higher level of echocardiographic skill.
