*5.4.3 Site of catheterization*

In the seventh and eight intercostal space near the apex beat:

1.Palpate the thoracic wall for the point of maximal intensity (PMI).


Place the samples of effusion in EDTA and plain tubes for analysis, and record the total volume withdrawn.

The cardiovascular parameters should improve immediately on successful draining of pericardial effusion. The intrapericardial pressure falls, right heart filling improves, cardiac output increases, oxygenation improves, pulse strength improves, and heart rate drops.

**Figure 9.** *Pericardiocentesis - Introduction of catheter into the pericardial cavity. Adapted from [10].*

#### **Figure 10.**

*Pericardiocentesis - Removal of excess pericardial fluid using 60 mL syringe with attachment of the extension set and stopcock to the catheter. Adapted from [10].*
