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## IntechOpen Book Series Biomedical Engineering Volume 6

Dr. Anna Karolina Nowinska habilitated doctor of ophthalmology, adjunct at Chair and Department of Ophthalmology; School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice (Poland). Dr. Nowinska is a member of the Polish Society of Ophthalmology and the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology. Her areas of scientific expertise include corneal dystrophies and degenerations, and

anterior and posterior eye segment optical coherence tomography. She is the author of over 30 original articles, 5 monographs, and over 100 abstracts presented during international and Polish meetings. Dr. Nowinska also has over 10 years' experience in ophthalmic surgery, with special interest in cataract and vitreoretinal surgery.

### **Editor of Volume 6: Anna Nowinska**

Chair and Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

Robert Koprowski, MD (1997), PhD (2003), Habilitation (2015), is a lecturer at the Department of Biomedical Computer Systems, Institute of Computer Science, University of Silesia, Poland. For 20 years, he has been dealing with analysis and processing of biomedical images with a particular emphasis on the full automation of measurement for a large inter-individual variability of patients. He is the author of dozens of papers with

an impact factor (IF) and more than a hundred of other papers as well as the author or coauthor of six books. Additionally, he is the author of several national and international patents in the field of biomedical devices and imaging. Since 2011, he has been a reviewer of grants and projects (including EU projects) in the field of biomedical engineering.

**Book Series Editor: Robert Koprowski** University of Silesia, Poland

## Scope of the Series

Contents

**Section 1**

**Section 2**

in Retinal Surgery

*and Leonardo G. Montilla*

**Section 3**

*Simone Borghesi and Fabrizio Zeri*

*by Samet Gulkas and Osman Cekic*

Intraoperative Optical Coherence Tomography

**Preface III**

Anterior Eye Segment Diagnostic Methods **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

Intraoperative Imaging Systems **17**

**Chapter 2 19**

**Chapter 3 31**

Posterior Eye Segment Diagnostic Methods **45**

**Chapter 4 47**

**Chapter 5 67**

Microscope-Integrated Intraoperative Optical Coherence Tomography

*by Jesus Hernan Gonzalez-Cortes, Abraham Olvera-Barrios, Jesus Emiliano Gonzalez-Cantu and Jesus Mohamed-Hamsho*

Wide-Field Retinal Imaging in Adults and Children *by Mustafa Değer Bilgeç, Nazmiye Erol and Seyhan Topbaş*

A Brief Overview of Ophthalmic Ultrasound Imaging

*by David B. Rosen, Mandi D. Conway, Charles P. Ingram, Robin D. Ross* 

Corneal Pachymetry and Endothelial Microscopy by Slit-Lamp *by Silvia Tavazzi, Alessandra Parodi, Sara Colciago, Gabriele Nigrotti,* 

Biomedical engineering is one of the fastest growing interdisciplinary branches of science and industry. The combination of electronics and computer science with biology and medicine has resulted in improved patient diagnosis, reduced rehabilitation time and better quality of life. Nowadays, all medical imaging devices, medical instruments or new laboratory techniques are the result of the cooperation of specialists in various fields. The series of biomedical engineering books covers such areas of knowledge as chemistry, physics, electronics, medicine and biology. This series is intended for doctors, engineers and scientists involved in biomedical engineering or those wanting to start working in this field.

## Contents



Preface

This book intends to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of the current and novel ocular diagnostic methods of the anterior and posterior eye segment used in clinical practice as well as in scientific projects. It is intended to interest both clinical ophthalmologists and researchers interested in projects involving ocular

The chapters include the theoretical basis as well as practical approach and usage of the following techniques: endothelial microscopy and corneal pachymetry, optical coherence tomography, endoOCT, wide-field retinal imaging, ultrasound imaging, and innovative diagnostic tools for ophthalmology in low-income

The book sections are created according to ocular compartments: anterior and

Silvia Tavazzi et al. describe the novel approach of analyzing the cornea and morphology and morphometry of corneal endothelium with a slit lamp equipped with a high-resolution digital sensor. This innovative approach allows rapid diagnosis of

corneal endothelial dystrophies and other endothelial abnormalities.

Yu-Ting Tsao et al. introduce a promising approach of a paper-based ELISA method to assess vascular endothelial growth factor level in aqueous humor, which could be an important indicator in diseases such as uveitis, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration. The possible potential of this method may interest researchers and could also become a diagnostic test in

A few chapters are devoted to recently introduced wide-field retinal imaging and intraoperative optical coherence tomography. The authors present the technical background of the methods, commercially available devices, as well as many clinical examples of intraoperative usage in vitreoretinal surgery, especially in macular surgery in diseases such as epiretinal membranes, macular holes, and vitreoretinal

Jason Singh et al. focus on an emerging issue of ocular examination in lowincome countries describing available low-cost diagnostic methods and resources that aim to assist in the fight against preventable blindness, such as smartphoneintegrated fundoscopy, laptop size ocular ultrasonography, or self-adjustable

To conclude, the book intends to provide valuable information in terms of anterior and posterior eye segment diagnostic methods, which could be used in everyday clinical practice to allow early diagnosis of diseases such as corneal dystrophies, keratoconus, cataract, central and peripheral retinal disorders, and optic neuropathies.

imaging.

countries.

posterior eye segment.

clinical practice.

traction syndrome.

glasses.
