**6. Conclusions**

 GMP possesses several nutritional and health promoting properties. Among them, it exerts important modulatory effects on the immune system that are beneficial in a number of different inflammatory conditions. GMP immune response mechanism of action might be mediated by increasing healthy intestinal microbiota, by inhibiting splenocyte proliferation, by promoting both local and systemic regulatory environment, and also by directly modulating immune cell functions. More research is needed to support these findings, as we cannot exclude a possible effect of products derived from GMP digestion on *in vivo* immunomodulatory activity. Besides, GMP is a peptide of promising industrial potential. It has a unique heat stability and solubility under acidic conditions that may suggest several uses in food. Studies on the functional properties of GMP may indicate new possible uses as a food additive. On the other hand, several methods have been developed and applied to detect GMP as an indicator of milk adulteration with cheese whey; however, none of them has been established as an international official method. Rapid, reliable, and inexpensive tests to detect GMP should be worked out to readily detect those cases of adulteration.
