*2.1.2.2 Indirect costs*

Indirect cost includes two categories of human and organization. Indirect human costs include management time. Expenditures related to management time are specifically designed to integrate new systems into common activities. In addition, due to the creation of new technology, more time management should be spent on revision, approval, product reform, technology-related strategies, and intelligence systems. Organizational indirect costs include organizational issues that move from old-time activities based on the impact of new systems [7].

One of the main issues and difficulties associated with information technology costs is the recognition of costs, especially those that are of an indirect nature [1]. Indirect costs can be four times higher than direct costs. Some executive managers do not know clear understanding of indirect costs, and some seek to reduce the portfolio by attracting the manager support and at the same time increasing their portfolio value.

One of the biggest indirect costs is human time management. When new technology is created, administrators may spend time for revising, approving, and subsequently reforming IT-related strategies. Sample lifetime of backup costs is at least 400% of the initial purchase price. Then indirect costs arise from the development of new knowledge in the employee and the increase of flexibility and their overall contribution to the organization. Some indirect costs arise from employee payments and rewards that this staff turnover should be considered in the assessment of information technology [6]. Irani and Mohamed introduced a two-layer system for categorizing indirect human costs. The first layer is related to management, staffing, finance, and maintenance, and the second layer is introduced for specific cost elements. In the first layer of management, it decides how much of the expenditure is spent on information technology. Employees are those involved in information technology. Finance is the allocation of funds and maintenance cost for the development and implementation of technology.

### *2.1.3 Types of costs*

Costs in information technology can be classified into two types of hard and soft costs. The hard costs are related to purchasing, maintaining, upgrading, licensing, and so on.

Software are a kind of cost that can be hardly measured, such as unplanned system downtime costs, very complicated design structures, having bad software and hardware, and so on. Soft costs are often based on hard cost.

### *2.1.4 Classification of costs*

The classification of costs created is based on that fundamental infrastructure technology (this does not include outsourcing and the like). These costs are often uncertain and require special attention. Having a group of defined cost of information technology that includes enterprise information technology can provide ease of cost estimation.

#### *2.1.4.1 The cost of manpower*

The cost of human resources in information technology has to be taken into account in particular. Each record includes who is doing it. How much time does it cost and how much does it cost? The cost of human resources relates to those who hold the systems. Part of the cost is given to the software mentor as a backup contract to resolve the malfunction. We calculate the cost of training in this study for manpower costs. In the corresponding organization, about 3–4 courses are planned for training each year, each of course estimates 40–60 h of training. To promote the creation of a new system, training contracts with outside companies are also signed, which are not calculated by the organization.

#### *2.1.4.2 Infrastructure costs*

Cost is better to be hard cost as possible. It's very convenient for us to be involved with physical costs, including servers and locations, rather than labor costs. Labor costs that are a part of the cost of information technology can be addressed.

## *2.1.4.3 Facilities and buildings*

This is the basis for the information technology infrastructure in a company. Companies often have one or more data centers. This feature of the cost includes building costs and installation costs for the implementation of information technology equipment. This classification is a useful indicator for comparing costs between two different sites. Stem elements include indoor items, including electricity, floor, and the like. Water can also be considered in this category because some data centers require water to cool their equipment. WAN connections include physical links from data centers to Internet providers and other communications required. Backup generators are often diesel cars that are outside of the datacenter.

#### *2.1.4.4 Primary infrastructure*

This level, with the resources available in the facility and building, provides an environment for information technology equipment. This includes a large portion of the cost to build a data center including SAN, NAS, network, and backup.

**99**

*ANFIS to Quantify Maintenance Cost of IT Services in Telecommunication Company*

The point to be made here is how to define a server to consider function and size of the server. Servers have different costs due to their different features and capabilities. Sometimes it's easy to set up virtual machines on a server for ease of use. Virtual machines work differently using a server's resources. Only some of the resources on these computers should be selected with the best and highest rating,

Often, operating system license fees can be specifically calculated, as server costs. And this also applies for virtual software. Backup software is software that is

This level of costs includes costs that are commonly used for many information technology infrastructures including software and hardware monitoring and

The periodic costs of technology are categorized according to direct and indirect

1.**Training:** In some cases, the costs of training are known as direct costs but are estimated as indirect costs. For example, direct costs involve double training for a staff member by a vendor over many years, but indirect costs include new

2.**Evaluation:** Direct costs include consultants that will assess the performance of existing systems as they are. Indirect costs include staffing responsibilities

3.**Upgrade and replace:** These costs are used for the future of information technology. Hardware and software applications should be upgraded, replaced, or

Maintenance involves supporting successful operating systems during long-term

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.82827*

*2.1.4.5 Computer hardware*

including RAM, CPU, and so on.

*2.1.4.7 Environmental infrastructure*

management.

• Supervision

licensed.

use by doing the following:

1.Regular and sample tests

costs by the following types.

*2.1.4.6 Operating systems and backup software*

• Software and hardware management

**2.2 Periodic cost of information technology**

workforce training by existing personnel.

for aggregation and analysis of applied statistics.

**2.3 Maintenance and development in information technology**

2.Planned and preventive replacement of system units

2.1.4.6.1 Virtual software, operating systems, backup software

installed on operating systems and has license fees like antivirus.

*ANFIS to Quantify Maintenance Cost of IT Services in Telecommunication Company DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.82827*
