**2.3 Giving the rotation axis of mold board's working surface**

The process of the formation required working surface—*Φi* possible to control, except parameter *α*, as well as position of *k*. In considering that the model rotation axis *k* is located vertically and has determined distance comparatively to *Φi*. However, change the position *k* greatly influences upon formation *Φi*. Here possible consider two parameters of *k*: change the distance—*f*, defined between fixed point *k* and *m*, for instance base *k* and sock *m* on horizontal plane; as well as change of the slopping angle—*β* to horizontal plane. Under one and same angle *α<sup>i</sup>* and the form of directory curve *mi*, change *f* will bring about change the mutual location pair of directory curves *mi* and *mi***'** that will bring and to change constructive parameter of mold board with working surface—*Φi*. From considered by author, acceptable variants (**Figure 5**) for given problems are chose variants (*b*) a chord—AB and (*d*) a tangent in point—С, with the result that possible neglect the parameter f that simplifies the problem. Though the other variants too have such working surface, they can bring about complication in the constructive parameter of the mold board. However, when forming the surface *Φi*, in variant (*d*) rotation is produced in inverse direction than in variant (*b*). With the importance of the rotation angle *α*, we choose within **0** *< α < αmax*, with the condition that planes *Pi* and *Pi***'** must cross all forming surfaces *Φi*, where *αmax* is on *tgα* **= (l/2)/***b*, and overhang of curve *b*.

## **2.4 Parameters of designing working surface's directory curve**

It is necessary to note the parameters on the form and position directory curve *m* of surface *Φ*. On condition of the problem form of directory curve—*m* is flat and fluent, with determined by curvature and concave side onward. Since these characteristic directory curves remain low-lying during the transformation of the surfaces, they shall select as topological parameters of curve, defining its

**29**

**Figure 6.**

*Relative position variants of directory curve's constructive parameters.*

*Decision Maintenance Management Problems in Agriculture Engineering by Constructive…*

form. Consequently, such parameters of surfaces, as their type and curvature also remain low-lying and when forming the new surface *Φi*. The position of curve is assigned two parameters: overhang *b* and height *h* of curve. They shall be marked as constructive parameters, since they define the design of the mold board. The following variants possibly select the relative position constructive parameters of *m*, defined by typical point positions (**Figure 6**): lower (*A*) and upper (*B*) points define *h*, and extreme left and right (the pair from points *А***,** *В***,** *C*) points define *b*. These variants directory curves are possible to choose when designing the mold board depending on execution of its work. When changing *f*, in the vertical position of *k*, the dimension height of mold board *h***'** in the same way remains low-lying. The parameter *δbmax* **=** *bi***-***b* derived after forming rib of surfaces *Φ<sup>i</sup>* is situated opposite, for points, on which pass the rotation axis *k* (*right*/*left*—on

The criterions of the choice variant relative position of typical point of directory curve *m* on *h* and *b*, when designing mold board possible to explain, linking these points with typical positions of formatives *l*. For example, we shall select the following position formatives *l*, getting through typical points *m* on width *b* in respect to *h*, upper, lower, front, back, as well as average (on *h* or on *b*), and define their influence upon nature of the moving the moveable mass on working surface of the mold board (**Table 3**). From given table, it can be understood that the nature of the moveable mass on working surface is possible to control, having changed relations *h* and *b*, by changing the slopping angle *β* to axis *k*. Unlike vertical position, the slopping *k* on angle *β* onward or will back add the working surface except improvements of the shift of the moveable mass aside under its horizontal trimming (**Figure 7a**), as well as perfects the functional quality on shaping tilted lowering (**Figure 7b**) and ascent (**Figure 7c**) from moveable mass. This is the positions reached by change forming *l*, which present as well as plowshare, for horizontal plane on angle—*φ*, after forming *Φi*. The angle *φ* possible define by projection model, on base of descriptive geometry rules [12], using joining method (**Figure 7d**). Turning the horizontal plane on 90°, to joint it with frontal projection

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.81969*

bosom or *upper*/*lower*—on carrying).

**2.5 Parameters of designing working surface's formatives**

**Figure 5.** *Position variants of rotating axis k comparatively to m.*

*Decision Maintenance Management Problems in Agriculture Engineering by Constructive… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.81969*

form. Consequently, such parameters of surfaces, as their type and curvature also remain low-lying and when forming the new surface *Φi*. The position of curve is assigned two parameters: overhang *b* and height *h* of curve. They shall be marked as constructive parameters, since they define the design of the mold board. The following variants possibly select the relative position constructive parameters of *m*, defined by typical point positions (**Figure 6**): lower (*A*) and upper (*B*) points define *h*, and extreme left and right (the pair from points *А***,** *В***,** *C*) points define *b*. These variants directory curves are possible to choose when designing the mold board depending on execution of its work. When changing *f*, in the vertical position of *k*, the dimension height of mold board *h***'** in the same way remains low-lying. The parameter *δbmax* **=** *bi***-***b* derived after forming rib of surfaces *Φ<sup>i</sup>* is situated opposite, for points, on which pass the rotation axis *k* (*right*/*left*—on bosom or *upper*/*lower*—on carrying).

#### **2.5 Parameters of designing working surface's formatives**

The criterions of the choice variant relative position of typical point of directory curve *m* on *h* and *b*, when designing mold board possible to explain, linking these points with typical positions of formatives *l*. For example, we shall select the following position formatives *l*, getting through typical points *m* on width *b* in respect to *h*, upper, lower, front, back, as well as average (on *h* or on *b*), and define their influence upon nature of the moving the moveable mass on working surface of the mold board (**Table 3**). From given table, it can be understood that the nature of the moveable mass on working surface is possible to control, having changed relations *h* and *b*, by changing the slopping angle *β* to axis *k*. Unlike vertical position, the slopping *k* on angle *β* onward or will back add the working surface except improvements of the shift of the moveable mass aside under its horizontal trimming (**Figure 7a**), as well as perfects the functional quality on shaping tilted lowering (**Figure 7b**) and ascent (**Figure 7c**) from moveable mass. This is the positions reached by change forming *l*, which present as well as plowshare, for horizontal plane on angle—*φ*, after forming *Φi*. The angle *φ* possible define by projection model, on base of descriptive geometry rules [12], using joining method (**Figure 7d**). Turning the horizontal plane on 90°, to joint it with frontal projection

**Figure 6.** *Relative position variants of directory curve's constructive parameters.*

*Maintenance Management*

sides (**Figure 4c**).

overhang of curve *b*.

It is known that when designing the complexity technical forms, considered surface mentally differs on "geometric" and "working" surfaces and from one surface possible to get different working surfaces [4, 7]. So by means of the proposed model, as a result of rotation working surfaces *Φa* and *Φb* around axis *k* to angle *αi*, a new working surface *Φi* is formed. Though given *Φ* and newly formed *Φi* cylindrical surfaces, they have a different working surface with different functional quality, where *α* enters as controlling parameter in the formation of *Φi*. Unlike the given surfaces *Φ*, a new working surface *Φi* promotes the improvement of directing

The process of the formation required working surface—*Φi* possible to control, except parameter *α*, as well as position of *k*. In considering that the model rotation axis *k* is located vertically and has determined distance comparatively to *Φi*. However, change the position *k* greatly influences upon formation *Φi*. Here possible consider two parameters of *k*: change the distance—*f*, defined between fixed point *k* and *m*, for instance base *k* and sock *m* on horizontal plane; as well as change of the slopping angle—*β* to horizontal plane. Under one and same angle *α<sup>i</sup>* and the form of directory curve *mi*, change *f* will bring about change the mutual location pair of directory curves *mi* and *mi***'** that will bring and to change constructive parameter of mold board with working surface—*Φi*. From considered by author, acceptable variants (**Figure 5**) for given problems are chose variants (*b*) a chord—AB and (*d*) a tangent in point—С, with the result that possible neglect the parameter f that simplifies the problem. Though the other variants too have such working surface, they can bring about complication in the constructive parameter of the mold board. However, when forming the surface *Φi*, in variant (*d*) rotation is produced in inverse direction than in variant (*b*). With the importance of the rotation angle *α*, we choose within **0** *< α < αmax*, with the condition that planes *Pi* and *Pi***'** must cross all forming surfaces *Φi*, where *αmax* is on *tgα* **= (l/2)/***b*, and

actions of the moveable mass to the sides (**Figure 4b**) and from the

**2.3 Giving the rotation axis of mold board's working surface**

**2.4 Parameters of designing working surface's directory curve**

It is necessary to note the parameters on the form and position directory curve *m* of surface *Φ*. On condition of the problem form of directory curve—*m* is flat and fluent, with determined by curvature and concave side onward. Since these characteristic directory curves remain low-lying during the transformation of the surfaces, they shall select as topological parameters of curve, defining its

**28**

**Figure 5.**

*Position variants of rotating axis k comparatively to m.*


#### **Table 3.**

*Positions of formatives and their influence to working surface nature.*

**Figure 7.** *Determination of inclined working surface geometric parameters.*

combine the projections *k* and *l*. Rotating *l* on angle αi, marked its *l*', easy find the frontal projection *lv***'**. Since *l* revolves on frontal projection plane, perpendicular to *k*, circle of the rotation *l* projects on the horizontal plane as an ellipse. By means of projection beams, find *lh***'** and define *φ* angle of the slopping *l* on horizontal plane using the square-wave triangle, also considered as the corner of the slopping of the plowshare. After transformation working surface *Φ* on *Φi* under inclined *k*, will increase the height dimension *h'* of mold board though *h* decreasing on *δh*. At, the higher part rib bends over onward or for lower part back, daring on distance *δb***'**. As a result of transformation, working surface changes the lengths corresponding to forming *li* within **0 <** *δb < δbmax*, offset end forming belonging to rib to surfaces. In point, on which pass the rotation axis *k*, length *li* is equal *δb* **= 0**, but in nose (*upper* or *lower*) of a part it is equal *δb* **=** *δbmax*.

#### **2.6 Sections of designing working surface**

The definable parameters got *Φi* on two variants, and on positions of the descriptive geometry, make sure that *αi* parameters and *Φi* are alike, but are mutually negative (**Figure 8a** and **b**) [12]. This allows to combine two variants in one design and as a result enlarges the functional possibilities of the designed mold board (**Figure 8c**). We can select five compartments of working surfaces on intersection lines. Alternate switching-on or switching-off of corresponding compartments will enable the mold board to work in three modes: moving the mass

**31**

*Decision Maintenance Management Problems in Agriculture Engineering by Constructive…*

frontal, moving ground mass to the sides, or from the sides. The proposed device of geometric modeling-transformed working surface allows to develop a constructive geometric model of a multifunctional mold board. This development is intended for organizations to produce specific machines. Parameterization of mold board's working surface relieves designers' work, increases the choice a variant under development mold board's working surface, and allows effectively to solve the

**3. Integration role of CAD technologies in PLM, including in** 

The modern production is founded on using information science and communication technologies as CALS-technology (continuous acquisition and lifecycle support) or PLM-technology (information support of the product lifecycle management processes). PLM is an approach to designing and producing high-tech and scientifically based product, using information science and computer technology at

This aspect actual in condition of developing countries, like Uzbekistan, where using these technologies is innovative process in production. One of the problems in this process is adapting them in production, that is, translating the engineering data to PLM system, by way of integrating PLM and CAD/CAE/CAM systems, using the product's engineering database at the base of PDM-technology (product data

The product's engineering data are possibly divided into three groups: structural (constructional), functional, and technological. Let me present to you the structural data, which we can call the geometric data, that are necessary for integrating CAD and PDM systems. The product's geometric data are used not only in enterprise where they are produced but at all stages of the product life cycle from designing to maintenance. So, creating the geometric database, using different forms of the geometric data (**Figure 9a**), is very important in the product life cycle.

As is well known, the product lifecycle includes the period from origin necessity for creating the product up to its liquidations in consequent exhaustion of consumer characteristic. Primary stages of product life cycle are selecting four main stages:

Though life cycles of old and new products always form the unceasing cycle, because of brightly not images, traditionally life cycles of each product were considered separately, which during the initial stage was designing but finally cutting. However, author, founding on his conducting researches, offers to consider that

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.81969*

constructive problems.

**Figure 8.**

management).

**maintenance management**

*Forming of working surface with bilateral action.*

all stages of the product life cycle [13].

designing, producing, maintaining, and utilizing.

*Decision Maintenance Management Problems in Agriculture Engineering by Constructive… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.81969*

**Figure 8.** *Forming of working surface with bilateral action.*

*Maintenance Management*

**30**

**Figure 7.**

**Table 3.**

*Determination of inclined working surface geometric parameters.*

*Positions of formatives and their influence to working surface nature.*

or *lower*) of a part it is equal *δb* **=** *δbmax*.

**2.6 Sections of designing working surface**

combine the projections *k* and *l*. Rotating *l* on angle αi, marked its *l*', easy find the frontal projection *lv***'**. Since *l* revolves on frontal projection plane, perpendicular to *k*, circle of the rotation *l* projects on the horizontal plane as an ellipse. By means of projection beams, find *lh***'** and define *φ* angle of the slopping *l* on horizontal plane using the square-wave triangle, also considered as the corner of the slopping of the plowshare. After transformation working surface *Φ* on *Φi* under inclined *k*, will increase the height dimension *h'* of mold board though *h* decreasing on *δh*. At, the higher part rib bends over onward or for lower part back, daring on distance *δb***'**. As a result of transformation, working surface changes the lengths corresponding to forming *li* within **0 <** *δb < δbmax*, offset end forming belonging to rib to surfaces. In point, on which pass the rotation axis *k*, length *li* is equal *δb* **= 0**, but in nose (*upper*

**No On width** *b***, in respect to** *h* **and through points Nature of moving the** 

**Anterior Average Posterior the surfaces** 1. Superior—*В* Not available Interior—*А* Powerfully postponed in

2. Superior—*В* Interior*—А* Average—*С* Partly is taken on breast and

3. Superior/interior—*В*/*А* Not available Average—*С* Completely taken on breast

4. Interior*—А* Superior—*В* Average—*С* Completely taken on breast

5. Interior*—А* Not available Superior—*В* Completely taken on bosom.

**moveable mass on worker of** 

powerfully postponed in

and powerfully postponed in

and weakly postponed in

before.

before.

before.

before.

The definable parameters got *Φi* on two variants, and on positions of the descriptive geometry, make sure that *αi* parameters and *Φi* are alike, but are mutually negative (**Figure 8a** and **b**) [12]. This allows to combine two variants in one design and as a result enlarges the functional possibilities of the designed mold board (**Figure 8c**). We can select five compartments of working surfaces on intersection lines. Alternate switching-on or switching-off of corresponding compartments will enable the mold board to work in three modes: moving the mass frontal, moving ground mass to the sides, or from the sides. The proposed device of geometric modeling-transformed working surface allows to develop a constructive geometric model of a multifunctional mold board. This development is intended for organizations to produce specific machines. Parameterization of mold board's working surface relieves designers' work, increases the choice a variant under development mold board's working surface, and allows effectively to solve the constructive problems.
