**2.1 Designing the types of mold board's working surface**

We shall consider the problem in moldboard-type tools as an example. It is well known that mold boards, as the main tool in plows, bulldozers, graders, and other specific machines, are intended for performing the preparing works in agriculture and melioration, ground works in road construction and engineering preparation of territory, as well as in municipal sphere and etc. In the classical variant bulldozer, the mold board is a frontally located cylindrical working surface, which moves earth or other mass, prism lug of the ground in the required direction and amount [5, 6]. For expansion functional possibilities of mold board, there are also development in different constructive variant, with changing location working organ and different working surface (**Table 1**). But these developments are basically directed at the expansion of their maintenance (functional) possibilities, for executing work of certain nature [5, 7]. The solution to these problems is directly connected to the geometric modeling, which is based on modern problems of the industrial design [2–4]. The result of the using the production design at development of mold board type tools on base of constructive geometric modeling is a "design-development" mold board, which possible produce in three types of working surface design. We shall consider the design-development working surface of mold board consists of pieces of surface. For the base of the models, we take multifunction surface consisting of linear surfaces, which are broadly used for designing mold boards (**Table 2**).

The design-development to construct a geometric model of a mold board's working surface applicable for work execution of the different nature raises: technical, technological and economical factors of the designed technology, allows more flexible control its functional possibility, solving constructive problems [2, 8, 9].

The analysis of existing mold board designs and studies on their improvement shows that creating a new design that can increase their functional possibilities, using constructive geometric modeling method, has a broad prospect [5, 7, 8, 10, 11]. The constructive geometric design of mold board's working surfaces can possibly be divided into three types: (1) design consisting of unbroken surface (**Figure 1**); (2) design consisting of surface pieces (the sections) (**Figure 2**); and (3) design consisting of surface elements (the plates) (**Figure 3**). Herewith possible creating away the prospects of the primary using these design on example:

**25**

**No**

1 2 3 **Table 1.**

*Using linear surfaces in bulldozers' mold board types.*

Conical (USA)

6

Conidial (Finland))

5

**Mold board construction**

**Surface type**

Cylindrical (Poland)

4

**№**

**Mold board construction**

**Surface type**

Combined (Czech)

*Decision Maintenance Management Problems in Agriculture Engineering by Constructive…*

Planar (France)

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.81969*

Cylindroid (Sweden)

*Decision Maintenance Management Problems in Agriculture Engineering by Constructive… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.81969*

**Table 1.** *Using linear surfaces in bulldozers' mold board types.*

*Maintenance Management*

mold board by geometric modeling, for increasing its maintenance property; integration role of CAD technologies in PLM, including in maintenance management; and visualization of production design process of technical means according to maintenance criterions. In recent years, increased variety of applicable machines and technologies has come to exist in the world in all spheres of human activity, especially in planning their functional possibilities. So development of tools that increase their functional possibilities is one of the most important problems of modern engineering and design activity. Expanding the functional possibilities of these tools will not only increase their capacity but also reduce specific consumptions of materials. These aspects are actually in creation resource and energy saving technical facilities, that is, main engineering activity, key direction in which is considered production design. This problem is considered in the same way actual and in condition of the strategic development of the Republic of Uzbekistan [1]. The solution to these problems is directly connected with the geometric modeling,

which is based on the modern problems of the production design [2–4].

**modeling, for increasing its maintenance property**

**2.1 Designing the types of mold board's working surface**

**2. Development of bulldozer's multifunctional mold board by geometric** 

We shall consider the problem in moldboard-type tools as an example. It is well known that mold boards, as the main tool in plows, bulldozers, graders, and other specific machines, are intended for performing the preparing works in agriculture and melioration, ground works in road construction and engineering preparation of territory, as well as in municipal sphere and etc. In the classical variant bulldozer, the mold board is a frontally located cylindrical working surface, which moves earth or other mass, prism lug of the ground in the required direction and amount [5, 6]. For expansion functional possibilities of mold board, there are also development in different constructive variant, with changing location working organ and different working surface (**Table 1**). But these developments are basically directed at the expansion of their maintenance (functional) possibilities, for executing work of certain nature [5, 7]. The solution to these problems is directly connected to the geometric modeling, which is based on modern problems of the industrial design [2–4]. The result of the using the production design at development of mold board type tools on base of constructive geometric modeling is a "design-development" mold board, which possible produce in three types of working surface design. We shall consider the design-development working surface of mold board consists of pieces of surface. For the base of the models, we take multifunction surface consisting of linear surfaces, which are broadly used for designing mold boards (**Table 2**). The design-development to construct a geometric model of a mold board's working surface applicable for work execution of the different nature raises: technical, technological and economical factors of the designed technology, allows more flexible control its functional possibility, solving constructive problems [2, 8, 9]. The analysis of existing mold board designs and studies on their improvement shows that creating a new design that can increase their functional possibilities, using constructive geometric modeling method, has a broad prospect [5, 7, 8, 10, 11]. The constructive geometric design of mold board's working surfaces can possibly be divided into three types: (1) design consisting of unbroken surface (**Figure 1**); (2) design consisting of surface pieces (the sections) (**Figure 2**); and (3) design consisting of surface elements (the plates) (**Figure 3**). Herewith possible creating away the prospects of the primary using these design on example:

**24**


#### **Table 2.**

*Using linear surfaces in mold board-type tools.*

(1) unbroken design for production of polymeric mold boards; (2) sectional design for expansion of the functional possibilities and increasing the ease of manufacturing production mold boards; and (3) plate design for the best management production and functional, working, and other quality mold boards. Developmening the working surface of mold boards that can be applied in different industries needs to consider the technical, economical, and technological factors of the designed machines. So, design-development of constructive geometric model of mold board's working surface, though exist in the designs of the considered machines, will allow more flexible control of the functional possibility of the mold board and solve the above delivered constructive problem [2, 8, 9].

#### **2.2 Geometrical modeling of mold board's transformed surfaces**

There is giving formative line—*l* of cylindrical surface—*Φ* horizontally, and *P* plane of directory curve—*m* dispose perpendicular to these formatives on medium them. This plane crossing with working surface—*Φ* is divided into two equal parts, *Φa* and *Φb*, simultaneously being the symmetrical plane to these working surfaces. We shall choose line *k* on symmetrical plane, which will possibly conduct the bunch of the planes. These planes crossing with working surfaces *Φa* and *Φb* form curves of intersection. We shall mark these planes on both sides of the symmetrical plane *P* accordingly *P1***,** *P2***, …,** *Pn* and *P1'***,** *P2***', …,** *Pn***'**, as well as curves of the intersection on working surfaces *Φa* and *Φb* accordingly *m1***,** *m2***, …,** *mn* and *m1***',** *m2***', …,** *mn***'**. At

**27**

**Figure 4.**

*to the sides; c) moving ground from the sides.*

*Decision Maintenance Management Problems in Agriculture Engineering by Constructive…*

angles between planes and symmetrical plane—*P***,** we shall accordingly mark *α1***,** *α2***, …,** *αn*. Each pair of surface intersection curve *m1***,** *m1***';** *m2***,** *m2***'; …;** *mn***,** *mn***'** are formed accordingly by pair of planes *P1***,** *P1***';** *P2***,** *P2***'; …;** *Pn***,** *Pn***'**, are symmetrical, where *k* is an axis of the mirror image pair of curves on working surfaces *Φa* and *Φb* (**Figure 4a**). So at rotation pair planes *Pi* and *Pi***'** with surfaces *Φa* and *Φb* around axis *k* corresponding to angle *αi*, planes *Pi* and *Pi***'**, as well as curves *mi* and *mi***'** belonging to them, are combined. As a result of this operation, will be formed a rib on working surface, which separates the working surface into two halves. On the basis of this model, different constructive variants of the transformed mold board can possibly be developed, allowing the conversion from one working surfaces to another.

*Forming of moldboard's working surface with bilateral action: a) transforming sheme; b) moving ground mass* 

*construction offered by author).*

 *(b) mold board: 1—right, 2—middle and 3—left guiding frames,* 

*Sectional construction of plow (a) and bulldozer (b) mold board: "1—wing" and "2—breast" of plow's body;* 

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.81969*

*"3—frontal" and "4—side" sections of spherical mold board of bulldozer.*

**Figure 2.**

**Figure 3.**

*Plate construction of plow (a) and bulldozer\**

*4—right and 5—left formative plates (\**

**Figure 1.** *Traditional construction of plow (a) and bulldozer (b) mold board.*

*Decision Maintenance Management Problems in Agriculture Engineering by Constructive… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.81969*

#### **Figure 2.**

*Maintenance Management*

**Table 2.**

*Using linear surfaces in mold board-type tools.*

**26**

**Figure 1.**

*Traditional construction of plow (a) and bulldozer (b) mold board.*

(1) unbroken design for production of polymeric mold boards; (2) sectional design for expansion of the functional possibilities and increasing the ease of manufacturing production mold boards; and (3) plate design for the best management production and functional, working, and other quality mold boards. Developmening the working surface of mold boards that can be applied in different industries needs to consider the technical, economical, and technological factors of the designed machines. So, design-development of constructive geometric model of mold board's working surface, though exist in the designs of the considered machines, will allow more flexible control of the functional possibility of the mold board and solve the above delivered constructive problem [2, 8, 9].

**No Geometry of surface Using in tools**

5. Frontal conical surface Moldboard of grader 6. Inclined conical surface Frontal plow's mold board 7. Cylindroid surface Universal plow's mold board 8. Conidial surface High-speed plow's mold board 9. Hyperbolic-parabolic surface Hyperbolic body plow's mold board 10. Helicoid surface Helicoid body plow's mold board 11. Torsos surface Cultural plow's mold board 12. Combined surface Combined body plow's mold board

1. Frontal planar surface Moldboard of channel defogger 2. Inclined planar surface Bush cutting mold board of bulldozer 3. Frontal cylindrical surface Frontal mold board of bulldozer 4. Inclined cylindrical surface Bucket mold board of scraper

**2.2 Geometrical modeling of mold board's transformed surfaces**

There is giving formative line—*l* of cylindrical surface—*Φ* horizontally, and *P* plane of directory curve—*m* dispose perpendicular to these formatives on medium them. This plane crossing with working surface—*Φ* is divided into two equal parts, *Φa* and *Φb*, simultaneously being the symmetrical plane to these working surfaces. We shall choose line *k* on symmetrical plane, which will possibly conduct the bunch of the planes. These planes crossing with working surfaces *Φa* and *Φb* form curves of intersection. We shall mark these planes on both sides of the symmetrical plane *P* accordingly *P1***,** *P2***, …,** *Pn* and *P1'***,** *P2***', …,** *Pn***'**, as well as curves of the intersection on working surfaces *Φa* and *Φb* accordingly *m1***,** *m2***, …,** *mn* and *m1***',** *m2***', …,** *mn***'**. At

*Sectional construction of plow (a) and bulldozer (b) mold board: "1—wing" and "2—breast" of plow's body; "3—frontal" and "4—side" sections of spherical mold board of bulldozer.*

**Figure 3.**

*Plate construction of plow (a) and bulldozer\* (b) mold board: 1—right, 2—middle and 3—left guiding frames, 4—right and 5—left formative plates (\* construction offered by author).*

angles between planes and symmetrical plane—*P***,** we shall accordingly mark *α1***,** *α2***, …,** *αn*. Each pair of surface intersection curve *m1***,** *m1***';** *m2***,** *m2***'; …;** *mn***,** *mn***'** are formed accordingly by pair of planes *P1***,** *P1***';** *P2***,** *P2***'; …;** *Pn***,** *Pn***'**, are symmetrical, where *k* is an axis of the mirror image pair of curves on working surfaces *Φa* and *Φb* (**Figure 4a**). So at rotation pair planes *Pi* and *Pi***'** with surfaces *Φa* and *Φb* around axis *k* corresponding to angle *αi*, planes *Pi* and *Pi***'**, as well as curves *mi* and *mi***'** belonging to them, are combined. As a result of this operation, will be formed a rib on working surface, which separates the working surface into two halves. On the basis of this model, different constructive variants of the transformed mold board can possibly be developed, allowing the conversion from one working surfaces to another.

#### **Figure 4.**

*Forming of moldboard's working surface with bilateral action: a) transforming sheme; b) moving ground mass to the sides; c) moving ground from the sides.*

It is known that when designing the complexity technical forms, considered surface mentally differs on "geometric" and "working" surfaces and from one surface possible to get different working surfaces [4, 7]. So by means of the proposed model, as a result of rotation working surfaces *Φa* and *Φb* around axis *k* to angle *αi*, a new working surface *Φi* is formed. Though given *Φ* and newly formed *Φi* cylindrical surfaces, they have a different working surface with different functional quality, where *α* enters as controlling parameter in the formation of *Φi*. Unlike the given surfaces *Φ*, a new working surface *Φi* promotes the improvement of directing actions of the moveable mass to the sides (**Figure 4b**) and from the sides (**Figure 4c**).
