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S0169-4332(03)00820-1

lubricants1020048

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photoelectron spectroscopy

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**92**

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**95**

**Figure 1.** *Composites usage.*

**Chapter 5**

Perspective

*Alan Hiken*

**1. Introduction**

**Abstract**

The Evolution of the Composite

A review of critical technologies and manufacturing advances that have enabled the evolution of the composite fuselage is described. The author's perspective on several development, military, and production programs that have influenced and affected the current state of commercial fuselage production is presented. The enabling technologies and current approaches being used for wide body aircraft fuselage fabrication and the potential reasons why are addressed. Some questions about the future of composite

fuselage are posed based on the lessons learned from today and yesterday.

**Keywords:** composites, fuselage, manufacturing, aviation, structures, 787, A350

A historical perspective provides an understanding of how the current stateof-practice for composite fuselage manufacturing has evolved. It also provides insight into what the future state of composite fuselage manufacturing might look like. **Figure 1** shows a familiar graph that shows the increase in composites usage in military and commercial aircraft over time. Initial applications of carbon fiber

Fuselage: A Manufacturing
