2.4.2 Patient perspective

The patient perspective requires the researcher to analyze and estimate the costs paid by patients due to given illnesses. These costs include the direct healthcare and non-healthcare costs and indirect costs. The direct healthcare costs include the copayments made by patients, the non-covered costs, and the costs of informal medical services, while the direct non-healthcare costs include the expenses patients have to pay in order to receive medical services, such as transportation expenses. Finally, the indirect costs include the costs incurred by patients in terms of time and the costs of caregiving.
