2.4.3 Societal perspective

The societal perspective leads to the estimation of the costs estimated from both the payer and patient perspectives and the losses of societal productivity caused by the given diseases. In other words, the costs estimated based on this perspective include the costs of lost labor and productivity due to patients taking leaves of absence or dying prematurely. These costs may also encompass the costs of declines in quality of life and the psychological suffering of patients.

The table below summarizes the differences among these perspectives (Table 3).
