Meet the editor

Dr. Muhammad Salik Javaid has a long meritorious career interacting with hydrology, hydraulics, and water resources as an engineering student, registered professional engineer, researcher, and university teaching professor. For over three decades he has worked as a hydraulics engineer, a disaster risk consultant, and a water resources expert in Pakistan and abroad in the Corps of Engineers, Earthquake Reconstruction and Rehabilitation

Authority, Frontier Works Organization, and Design & Consultancy Department. His undergraduate engineering education is from the Military College of Engineering. He is a graduate of Georgia Tech, Atlanta, USA, where he earned his Master's and Doctoral degrees in Civil Engineering. He has been on the faculty of the National University of Sciences and Technology, University of Lahore, and Abasyn University Islamabad, teaching undergraduate and graduate level courses related to hydrology and hydraulics.

Contents

(Cameroon, Central Africa)

Tunisia

Hydrology

*and Ali Mirarabi*

Maharashtra in India

*and Rodrigo Abarca Del Rio*

*Nasser Ngouh Abdou and Georges Emmanuel Ekodeck*

*by Amira Ziadi, Najla Hariga Tlatli and Jamila Tarhouni*

The Investigation of the Dorfak Karstic Aquifer

**Preface III**

**Chapter 1 1**

**Chapter 2 19**

**Chapter 3 39** Analytical Study of Environmental Impacts and Their Effects on Groundwater

**Chapter 4 49**

**Chapter 5 73**

**Chapter 6 97** Evaluation of Analytical Methods to Study Aquifer Properties with Pumping Test in Deccan Basalt Region of the Morna River Basin in Akola District of

Hydrogeological Characteristics of Shallow Hard Rock Aquifers in Yaounde

Multivariate Pollution in the Coastal Aquifer of Lebna area, Northeastern

*by Muhammad Salik Javaid, Laila Khalid and Muhammad Zeshan Khalid*

Fluoride Levels in the Groundwater and Prevalence of Dental Fluorosis in the Municipality of Santana, in Region Karstic of West Bahia, Brazil

*Carlos Alberto Machado Coutinho and Manoel Jerônimo Moreira Cruz*

*by Kanak N. Moharir, Chaitanya B. Pande, Sudhir Kumar Singh* 

*by Maryam Dehban Avan Stakhri, Mohammad Hossien Ghobadi* 

*by Manuel Vitor Portugal Gonçalves, Rodrigo Alves Santos,* 

*by Jules Rémy Ndam Ngoupayou, André Firmin Bon, Guillaume Ewodo Mboudou,* 

## Contents


Preface

Geohydrology is an important branch of the hydrology that focuses on the subsurface

On the one hand, the rapid development of built-up areas, residential and industrial complexes, and communication infrastructure has grossly reduced the infiltration, percolation, and groundwater recharge, while on the other hand, extraction has increased manifold. There is thus a dire need to check the depletion rate and work for conservation and enhancement of precious liquid resources lying under the ground. These aspects can form the goals for future research and investment by all nations of the world. Numerical and computer modeling of groundwater movement and contaminant transport may help identify the gray areas and also suggest solutions in

This book contains six chapters that broadly deal with two major aspects of

geohydrology: (1) the physical structure of the aquifer itself, and (2) fluid content, water, and their characteristics. The first chapter by Bon Andres provides an insight into the hydrogeological context of shallow hard rock aquifers by compiling and analyzing field and laboratory studies to obtain hydrometric and piezometric characteristics data. Chapter 2 by Ziadi Amira describes the economic, agricultural, and social problems arising from anthropogenic contamination and excessive water consumption that endanger overexploitation of groundwater, leading to mineralization in coastal aquifers. Several geological tools and hydrogeological data used in combination with geochemical and geophysical methods are also discussed. The third chapter coauthored by myself, Laila Khalid, and Zeshan Sameja presents an analytical study of environmental impacts and discusses their effects on groundwater hydrology. Chapter 4 by Dehban Avan appraises hydrogeological attributes of karst aquifers in Iran. Use of geochemical software and rockware software to analyze chemical compounds in karst aquifers is also explored. Water composition of springs and karstification of recharge areas are also discussed. Chapter 5 by Goncalves Manuel Vitor investigates the relationship between consumption of water with natural fluoride levels and the prevalence of dental fluorosis in parts of Brazil. The last chapter by Moharir Kanak evaluates analytical

This book has a broad-based scope due to elaborate coverage on many aspects of geology, hydrology, and subsurface water. The book aims to serve the needs of academia and field professionals in groundwater engineering, hydrogeology, water resource management, environmental sciences, and geotechnical engineering.

geologic aspects of water and rock structure. The movement, transportation, geobiochemical actions and reactions, and physical behavior of water and other fluids inside the ground are most fascinating for engineers, researchers, hydrologists, agriculturists, industrialists, and general consumers. Aquifer maintenance and management, aquifer conservation, and aquifer resource balance between discharge and recharge are the areas for study to avoid and mitigate conflicts among the transboundary stakeholders. The positive contribution by engineers and scientists not only adds to the development of water and hydrocarbon resources, but also helps

in the just and equitable utilization of these by everybody.

methods to determine aquifer characteristics.

concrete terms.
