**2.3 Extraction**

*Plant Extracts*

**2. Experimental**

**2.1 Material**

**2.2 Chemicals**

[16] including condensed tannins [17–19]. The antioxidant potential of faba bean was determined using DPPH, FRAP, and ORAC assays [17, 20, 21]. Very high antioxidant capacity of *Vicia faba* sprouts was confirmed by Okumura et al. [22].

Plant material consisted of a collection of 22 faba bean accessions derived from Syria, Morocco, Tunisia, Sudan, Egypt, Yemen, Israel, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Tajikistan, Mongolia, Afghanistan, India, Australia, and Poland (**Table 1**). Information about seed coat color and 100 seed weight was provided on the basis of results obtained in a

Ferrous chloride, sodium persulfate, ferrous chloride, 2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl) *s*-triazine (TPTZ), 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS),

 FAB 337 Syria Dark 47.2 FAB 443 Syria Bright 76.6 FAB 5023 Morocco Bright 45.8 FAB 5019 Morocco Bright 52.1 FAB 6440 Tunisia Bright 68.0 FAB 6441 Tunisia Bright 65.0 FAB 225 Sudan Bright 64.7 FAB 297 Sudan Bright 45.0 FAB 6474 Egypt Bright 27.4 FAB 219 Yemen Bright 57.0 FAB 6318 Israel Bright 81.5 FAB 344 Israel Dark 46.8 FAB 604 Georgia Bright 66.3 FAB 294 Azerbaijan Bright 43.4 FAB 354 Tajikistan Bright 40.0 FAB 202 Mongolia Bright 68.4 FAB 144 Afghanistan Dark 65.5 FAB 187 Afghanistan Bright 30.9 FAB 250 India Bright 38.6 FAB 446 India Bright 41.1 FAB 7077 Australia Bright 72.5 Martin Poland Bright 55.8

**No. Accession code Country of origin Seeds coat color Weight of 100 seeds (g)**

field experiment conducted in Cerekwica (Poland, 51°55′N, 17°21′E). Description of faba bean seeds is reported in **Table 1**.

**42**

**Table 1.**

*Description of faba bean seeds.*

Phenolic compounds were extracted from grounded and defatted with hexane faba bean seed by using 80% acetone (v/v) at a solid to solvent ratio of 1:10 (w/v), for 15 min at 50°C [23]. Extraction was carried out in flasks placed in a shaking water bath (Elpan 357, Wrocław, Poland). Acetone from the combined extract was evaporated using a Büchi rotary evaporator. The sample was then freeze-dried.
