**5.1 Application of UAV**

*Military Engineering*

fired by other aircraft.

during the operation.

Helicopters are used as air ambulance.

2.*Antisubmarine warfare (ASW) helicopters***—**helicopters used for ASW roles can be ship based or land based and are equipped with winch for use of dunking sonars to detect, identify, locate and track the target submarines. To destroy submarines, both torpedoes and naval mines are used, launched from air, surface and underwater platforms. It is also used to protect friendly ships.

3.*Observation helicopter***—**the ability to both manoeuvre and hover at one location makes the helicopter ideal for reconnaissance. Modern observation helicopters are equipped with optical sensor systems. These include low-light video and forward-looking infra-red cameras. Often, these are mounted on a stabilized platform along with multifunction lasers capable of acting as laser range finder and targeting designators for weapon systems. Advanced observation helicopters are equipped with sensor suits capable of providing terminal guidance to ATGWs, laser-guided bombs and other missiles and munitions

4.*Transport helicopter***—**transport helicopters are used for transporting personnel (troops) and cargo in support of military operations. The benefit of using helicopters for these operations is that personnel and cargo can be moved to and from locations without requiring a runway for takeoffs and landings. Cargo is carried either internally or externally by slung load suspended from cargo hook. In difficult terrains where helicopters cannot land, personnel may be picked up and dropped off using rescue hoists or special rope lines, while the aircraft hovers overhead. Helicopters are also used in air assault, where customized assault force assembled on the pickup zone with their equipment is transported to a landing zone (LZ). The use of helicopter in air assault permits transport and lands a large number of troops and equipment in a relatively short time, near the LZ. The transfer is done in stages and sequentially thus supports the assault by continually resupplying the force

5.*Medical evacuation (MEDEVAC) helicopter***—**MEDEVAC is the timely and efficient movement and en route care provided by medical personnel to wounded personnel being evacuated from a battlefield or to injured patients being evacuated from the scene of an accident to receive medical facilities.

6.*Combat search and rescue (CSAR) operation helicopters***—**search and rescue (S&R) operation includes search and supply provision to people who are in distress or imminent danger. Normally S&R is carried out by specially trained volunteers. CSAR are search and rescue operations that are carried out within or near the combat zone during war. A CSAR mission may be carried out by a task force of helicopters, ground attack aircraft, aerial refueling tankers and an airborne command post from which a commander controls and organizes his

7.*Utility helicopters***—**a utility helicopter is a multipurpose helicopter. A utility military helicopter can fill roles such as ground attack, air assault, military logistic, medical evacuation and troop transfer. Hindustan Aeronautics

Limited (HAL), India, is developing a light utility helicopter for the services of

**12**

forces.

the Indian Armed Forces.

UAV has the potential to serve varieties of application both in civil and military uses. These include border and port security, homeland surveillance, scientific data collection, cross-country transport and telecommunication services. Many nonaviation business applications include:

1.Aerial photography, film, video, still, etc.

