**1. Introduction**

Ethanol is a mood-altering drug with both pleasant and unpleasant effects. It is a clear liquid that is made by the fermentation of different biological materials. Ethanol (CH3CH2OH) is an alcohol, a group of chemical compounds whose molecules contain a hydroxyl group, –OH, bonded to a carbon atom [1]. When an alcoholic beverage is consumed, it passes through the stomach into the small intestine where it is rapidly absorbed and distributed throughout the body. Alcohol cannot be stored in the body and therefore, the body must metabolize it to get rid of it. It can only be metabolized in the liver, where enzymes are found to initiate the process. Ethanol is metabolized in the body to provide energy and does not have any minerals, vitamins, carbohydrates, fats or protein associated with it and as a result of this, it directly contributes to malnutrition. General malnutrition is often reflected in body weight loss, mainly of adipose and muscle tissue. This loss of nutritional reserves is partly due to inadequate protein intake in the face of continued alcohol ingestion. Alcohol is very rich in energy, packing seven calories per gram. The more calories an individual consumes in alcohol, the less likely it is that the individual will eat enough food to obtain adequate nutrients. More ethanol is found in the blood and the brain than in muscle or fat tissue. Alcohol acts as a central nervous system (CNS) depressant and as a diuretic and affects several neurotransmitter systems within the brain such as glutamate, gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA), dopamine and serotonin systems. Ethanol is also used as a fuel for internal combustion engines either alone or in combination with other fuels and has both short and long-term economic advantages over fossil fuel. One striking advantage of ethanol over other

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*Psychology of Health - Biopsychosocial Approach*

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fuel sources is that it does not cause pollution to the environment thereby reducing global warming which is caused by relentless emission of dangerous greenhouse gases emanation from use of fossil fuels.
