**2.3 Data quality**

The problem of data quality in building an LCI, which is the foundation of any LCA [14], is discussed in [11]. Collection of LCI data is one of the most important

#### **Figure 2.**

*LCI system boundary of the gate-to-gate for the MSW landfill considered in this study (source: photo from waste landfill in Kosodrza management communication).* 

*Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) Modeling of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Management Systems… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.84347* 

stages in an LCA study [15]. Moreover, data quality is multidimensional and not necessarily quantitative [14]. LCI required a lot of data [12, 16] that are well correlated to the study context [14].

The paucity (reliability) of data can be a strong impediment in the conduct of LCA and explain the bias in choice of waste types to study [17].

The data used in this study involving consumption of energy and fuels, water, materials and waste are obtained from (i) site-specific measured or calculated data and (ii) secondary data taken from integrated permit issued by Marshal of the Podkarpackie region in Rzeszów for the establishment of municipal services in Ostrów (e.g., **Figure 3**) by entering the records concerning the waste landfill in Kosodrza (e.g., **Figure 4**), dated October 31, 2015, *and its subsequent amendments* [18]*.* Integrated permit has been issued *at the request of the interested party*.

The present LCI, as mentioned above, is representative for year 2015 by application of PN-EN ISO 14040:2009 [19].

A full publication of the inventory data used in this study is documented in [18]. In this case study, the system evaluated does not include anything upstream from the waste landfill operation.

As this study was based on the deterministic approach to LCI, uncertainty analysis was not carried out. However, very few assessments include effects of the waste composition, and waste LCAs often rely on poorly justified data from secondary sources, and uncertainty on LCA results associated with selection of waste composition data have been performed [20]. The LCI model can be used in full LCA study.

**Figure 3.**  *Waste landfill in Kosodrza, in the community of Ostrów (source: [18]).* 

**Figure 4.** 

*Landfill for waste other than hazardous and inert wastes with separate hazardous waste facilities containing asbestos in Kosodrza (source: BIP based on https://www.google.pl/maps).* 
