2. Contingent valuation analysis

The Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) is a widely used non-market valuation method especially in the areas of environmental cost–benefit analysis and environmental impact assessment [30–32]. Contingent valuation is now used around the world in recent years, CVM has been extensively used in both developed and developing countries for valuation of a wide range of environmental goods and services (see [5, 33–37]). Ciriacy-Wantrup [38] had first proposed the contingent valuation method. Had discussed an individual should be interviewed and asked how much money they are willing to pay for successive additional quantities of collective extra-market good. If the individual values are aggregated the result corresponds to a market demand schedule (See [39]). Contingent valuation method of solid waste management research also emerged in developing countries Whittington et al. [37] Kathumadu in Nepal, [40] Gujranwala city in Punjab in Pakistan, Weldesilassie et al. [41] Addis Ababa Ethiopia, Murad et al. [42] and Chuen-Khee and Othman [1] in Malaysia, [43] in Yunnan Province China, Fonta et al. [44] in Nigera, Jianjun Jin et al. [45] Macao in China. India is very few studies to investigate the effect of waste of waste separation on the willingness to pay for improved waste management services for example Prasenjit Sarkhel and Sarmila Banerjee [46] adopted the contingent valuation method (CVM) with willingness to pay (WTP) of the household for waste management programme in a typical Indian Municipality the Ballay municipality in west Bengal including the willingness to pay questions, the contingent valuation questionnaire was divided into seven parts and the total number of samples were 570 and the mean willingness to

pay from the responses to the open-ended questions was calculated 75% of the respondents expressing their willingness to pay at less than \$ 1 per month regular waste collection in Bally the municipality in West Bengal. Sukanya Das et al. [47] had studied in the willingness to pay (WTP) for improvements in the solid waste management (SWM) services provided in Chandernagore and south Dum Dum municipality of Greater Kolkatta in West Bengal in this study 101 randomly selected residents took part in that choice experiment survey. Data were analyzed with conditional logit and random parameter logit with the interactions models. The study had revealed that on an average the residents of these municipalities were willingness to pay less than \$ 1. While, this study had indicated that the public on average cared much about improvements in solid waste management in their locality.
