**Other declarations**

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

**Author details**

*Toric Intraocular Lenses*

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90153*

Department of Ophthalmology, First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation

© 2019 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,

Army General Hospital (PLAGH), Beijing, P.R. China

provided the original work is properly cited.

\*Address all correspondence to: xuzequan1986@sjtu.edu.cn

Zequan Xu

**43**

## **Abbreviations**


*Toric Intraocular Lenses DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90153*

**9. Conclusions**

*Intraocular Lens*

**Acknowledgements**

No. 81670830).

**Conflict of interest**

**Other declarations**

**Abbreviations**

**42**

D diopter

IOL intraocular lens

RCT randomized control trial

ELP effective lens position

UDVA uncorrected distance visual acuity SIA surgically induced astigmatism

LASIK laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis ORA Optiwave Refractive Analysis UNVA uncorrected near visual acuity

FLACS femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery

The outcomes after toric IOL implantation are influenced by a few factors: accurate astigmatism measurement, marking techniques, intraoperative alignment, and postoperative care. The importance of posterior corneal curvature is increasingly being recognized, and advanced toric calculators and fumulars that account for both the anterior and posterior corneal power are becoming the standard of care.

markless IOL alignment and optimize incisions, capsulorhexis size, and optimal IOL centration. New toric IOLs with superior design are still being looked forward

Thanks to my wife, Wenzhe Li, who dedicated her precious time to help when I finish this manuscript. Also, this research was supported by the Chinese Capital Clinical Features Key Project—Clinical Application on Chinese Keratoprosthesis (Project No: Z161100000516012), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81770887), and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from

The image-guided systems and intraoperative aberrometry could provide a

although they have already achieved great performance.

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

the corresponding author on reasonable request.
