*4.2.1 Cancer vaccines*

The purpose of vaccination is to create an immune response to detect and destroy cancer cells. Cancer vaccines, containing whole, part, or purified antigens of tumor cells, can be peptide-based, immune cell or dendritic cell-based, or tumor cell-based. After the tumor cells are removed from the body, the patient is vaccinated and an immune response is created against the tumor cells that may remain in the body. Variable antigen expression, low immune response, diminishing the immune response in the tumor microenvironment and a decrease in activity over time are the restrictions of the cancer vaccine applications [4, 25].

