**2.5 Some other autonomous navigation methods**

Some other autonomous navigation methods can also be used for the Mars exploration. First, the radio-based navigation [44] is a choice. Traditionally, the radio-based navigation uses the satellites or the beacons on the ground to provide the prober some guidance information. Clearly, this method is not an autonomous technique. However, if we look both the satellite and the prober as a whole that means the Mars exploration prober system includes both the lander and the navigation satellites, the radio-based navigation can be considered. Second, the bionic navigation method [45] is another choice. The bionic navigation imitates the animals' sensory processing to accomplish the navigation. The stereoscopic vision, the auditory


### **Table 5.**

*A kind of classification of the integrated navigation technique.*

sensation, the olfactory sensation, and the tactile sensation can all be utilized in this method. Lost of new sensors can be developed for this navigation technique. Third, the Mars atmosphere model-based navigation [46] can also be considered. For example, a kind of Mars flush air data system has been used to assist the estimations of the dynamic pressure, the Mach number, and the impact angle of Mars prober. By using all the new navigation theories and methods, the final navigation accuracy can be improved definitely.
