**Acknowledgements**

The author thanks the French Space Agency for its scientific and financial support in ethological studies.

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**Author details**

Carole Tafforin

Ethospace, Toulouse, France

\*Address all correspondence to: ethospace@orange.fr

provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2020 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,

*Human Missions Analysis for Intelligent Missions Improvement*

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90795*

*Human Missions Analysis for Intelligent Missions Improvement DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90795*

*Mars Exploration - A Step Forward*

**6. Conclusion**

**Acknowledgements**

port in ethological studies.

Man-rated Mars exploration demands are to consider the personal value [40], the mixed-gender [41], and the cultural value [42] of a human mission and to take into account this diversity value as inputs of AI like variations of outputs generated by the machine. An intelligent mission becomes a multi-variable system with strategic processes, adapted processes, and cooperative processes that are running in synergy and that inject multi-sensorial inputs in the crew's EI. We hypothesize that such multiplicity improves over time. Monotony is prevented by roboticautomation tasks and autonomy is ensured by human-dependent actions. The global demand is multidisciplinary in order to make human-machine interaction evolve. The evolutionary model of the human species is punctuated by so many disciplines that are points of organization from philosophical roots, to the naturalist current, to human ethology (**Figure 8**). Aristotle described behavioral traits from the perspective of a classification, that is, species taxonomy, to complete the anatomical and morphological image. From these epistemological nodes, integrated approaches such as psycho-physiology, neuro-ethology, communicativenetworks, telemedicine, cognitive-psychology, and AI as the very last point of integration and evolution of the human species on other planets flourish. The whole

approach is systemic [43] and is both behavioral and computational.

of the confined and isolated crew from Earth.

ligent missions by associating AI as follows:

Numerical methods developed in ethology of humans in space have contributed to give insight into adaptive behaviors that underlie human intelligence as multiple processes of optimization of the individual-environment relationship. Human being's activity is the heart of the system, be it natural or artificial. AI can perform additional functions by processes of imitation, cooperation, and automation that include the diversity of the crewmembers, cyclicity of their behavior, and autonomy

From the individual to the cultural crews' behavior that expresses individual intelligence to collective human intelligence, space missions will improve as intel-

Artificial intelligence + ∑Human intelligences ∗ = Intelligent missions (∗ Individual intelligence + Emotional intelligence + Collective intelligence)

The author thanks the French Space Agency for its scientific and financial sup-

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