We are IntechOpen, the world's leading publisher of Open Access books Built by scientists, for scientists

4,900+

Open access books available

123,000+

140M+

Downloads

International authors and editors

151 Countries delivered to Our authors are among the

Top 1%

most cited scientists

12.2%

Contributors from top 500 universities

Selection of our books indexed in the Book Citation Index in Web of Science™ Core Collection (BKCI)

### Interested in publishing with us? Contact book.department@intechopen.com

Numbers displayed above are based on latest data collected. For more information visit www.intechopen.com

## Meet the editors

Sang Jae Kim, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Mechatronics Engineering and the Department of Advanced Convergence Technology and Science at Jeju National University (JNU), South Korea. He received his PhD in Electrical Communication Engineering from Tohoku University, Japan. He was a visiting research scholar in the Department of Materials Science at the University of Cambridge, UK, and Georgia Institute of Technology,

USA, as well as a senior researcher at the National Institute of Materials Science. He has published more than 150 research articles in well-reputed international journals. His research disciplines include nanomaterials for energy and electronics applications, Josephson devices, microelectromechanical systems, supercapacitors, nanogenerators, and nano-biosensors.

Arunkumar Chandrasekhar, PhD, is currently Assistant Professor in the Department of Sensors and Biomedical Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, India. He worked as a postdoctoral researcher at the Nanomaterials and Systems Laboratory, South Korea. He received his PhD in Mechatronics Engineering from Jeju National University, South Korea, where he was a recipient of a scholarship from the Korean Government Scholarship

Program. He received the prestigious Brain Korea 21+ Business Research Award from the Ministry of Education for excellence in research work. He has published forty-three research articles, six journal cover pages, and two book chapters in reputed international journals. He is interested in wearable triboelectric nanogenerators, battery-free electronic devices, energy storage devices, microelectromechanical systems, and self-powered devices.

Nagamalleswara Rao Alluri, PhD, is currently a postdoctoral researcher at the Nanomaterials and System Laboratory, Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University (JNU), South Korea. He received the young investigator project from the National Research Foundation of Korea as a principal investigator. He received the prestigious BK21+ Business Research Award from the Ministry of Education, and the Presi-

dential Award from JNU for excellence in research work (2014–2018). Dr. Alluri has published forty-five research articles, two book chapters, and five journal cover pages in well-reputed international journals. He received a PhD in Mechanical Engineering from JNU; MTech in Sensor System Technology from Vellore Institute of Technology, India; and MSc in Condensed Matter Physics from Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India. His research interest is functional nanomaterials for energy and sensor applications.

Contents

**Section 1**

Nanogenerators *by Zhen Wen*

**Section 2**

**Preface XI**

Triboelectric Nanogenerator **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

**Chapter 2 21**

Piezoelectric Nanogenerator **37**

**Chapter 3 39**

**Chapter 4 51**

**Chapter 5 73**

Development of Vibration Piezoelectric Harvesters by the Optimum

Piezoelectricity in Self-Assembled Peptides: A New Way towards

*by Vladislav Slabov, Svitlana Kopyl, Marco P. Soares dos Santos* 

Triboelectric Nanogenerators: Design, Fabrication, Energy

*by Venkateswaran Vivekananthan, Arunkumar Chandrasekhar,* 

Design of Electrode Materials for Stretchable Triboelectric

Harvesting, and Portable-Wearable Applications

*Gaurav Khandelwal and Sang-Jae Kim*

Design of Cantilever Structures *by Prateek Asthana and Gargi Khanna*

Electricity Generation at Nanoscale

*and Seungbum Hong*

*and Andrei Kholkin*

*Nagamalleswara Rao Alluri, Yuvasree Purusothaman,* 

Ferroelectric Polymer PVDF-Based Nanogenerator *by Jeongjae Ryu, Seongmun Eom, Panpan Li, Chi Hao Liow* 

### Contents



Preface

This book introduces technological developments in the field of energy conversion. Currently, various energy conversion technologies are available, such as photovoltaic cells, electromagnetic generators, and so on. This book introduces a new energy conversion device called a "nanogenerator." It focuses on two types of nanogenerators: triboelectric and piezoelectric. Chapters cover fundamental topics such as material identification, synthesis processes, device fabrication, and self-powered

applications. Detailed results from research in the field are also provided.

piezoelectric nanogenerators as well as future inventions.

Moreover, the book discusses the concept of wearable, portable, and implantable devices and their importance in our daily lives. Stretchable electrodes play a significant role in wearable devices and this book examines the design of electrode materials for stretchable triboelectric nanogenerators. The information contained herein will help researchers to generate more ideas and techniques for triboelectric and

**Sang Jae Kim and Nagamalleswara Rao Alluri**

Vellore Institute of Technology University,

Jeju National University,

**Arunkumar Chandrasekhar**

South Korea

India
