**Author details**

Young Lee1,2

1 Innovative Workplace Institute, NY, USA

2 University College London, London, UK

\*Address all correspondence to: young.lee@innovativeworkplaceinstitute.org

© 2019 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**67**

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[12] Schulte PA, Wagner GR, Ostry A, Blanciforti LA, Cutlip RG, Krajnak KM. Work, obesity, and occupational safety and health. American Journal of Public

[13] Cooper G, Dewe P. Well-being— Absenteeism, presenteeism, costs and challenges. Occupational Medicine.

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**Acknowledgements**

**66**

**Author details**

1 Innovative Workplace Institute, NY, USA

2 University College London, London, UK

provided the original work is properly cited.

\*Address all correspondence to: young.lee@innovativeworkplaceinstitute.org

© 2019 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,

I would like to express my gratitude to many colleagues and experts who supported me with the development of PROWELL and writing of this book chapter. I send special thanks to Barbara Marini, James Rice, Janice Barnes, Joseph Connell, Susan Chung, and Bryan Steverson. And a heartfelt thank you goes to Matthew Schottenfeld, Assistant Director in Business of Innovative Workplace Institute, for

his long time support for my work and reviewing this book chapter.

Young Lee1,2

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[5] World Health Organization. Global Action Plan on Physical Activity 2018-2030: More Active People for A Healthier World. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018

[6] World Health Organization. Obesity Swallows Rising Share in GDP in Europe: Up to 1% and Counting. London: WHO; 2006

[7] Chartered Institute of Personnel & Development. Absence Management. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development; 2007

[8] Chartered Institute of Personnel & Development. Recruitment, Retention and Turnover. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel & Development; 2007

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Engineers; 2017

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[36] Shepherd D, Heinonen-Guzejev M, Michael J Hautus3 MJ, Heikkilä2 K, Hautus MJ, Heikkilä K. Elucidating the relationship between noise sensitivity and personality. Noise and Health.

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Construction. Washington DC, US: The US Green Building Council; 2019

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Lichtenbelt W. Energy consumption in buildings and female thermal demand. Nature Climate Change.

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Hygiene. 2009;**70**(2):203-221

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*Indoor Environment and Health*

2011;**45**(2):150-155

2005;**25**(2):167-173

Organization; 2010

[18] Biederman J, Petty C, Clarke A, Lomedico A, Faraone S. Predictors of persistent ADHD: An 11-year follow-up study. Journal of Psychiatric Research.

[Online]. Available from: https://www. usgbc.org/credits/commercial-interiorsretail-commercial-interiors-hospitalitycommercial-interiors/v4-draf-10 [Accessed 9 February 2019]

[28] The US General Services and Administration. The Facilities Sandards for the Public Buildings Service. Washington, DC: The US General Services Administration;

[29] ASHRAE. Advanced Energy Design Guide for Small to Medium Office Buildings, Atlanta, GA: The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, 2011

[30] British Standards Institution. BS EN 12464-1:2011 Light and Lighting— Lighting of Work Places. London: British Standards Institution; 2011

[31] Lee Y, Boatman E, Jowett S, Guenther B. REAL: The technologyenabled, engaged, and active learning classroom. International Journal of Designs for Learning. 2014;**5**(1):57-67

[32] Illuminating Engineering Society. ANSI/IES RP-1-12 American National Standard Practice for Office Lighting. New York: Illuminating Engineering

[33] Schumpeter JA. Capitalism,

R. Noise annoyance with regard to neurophysiological sensitivity, subjective noise sensitivity and personality variables. Psychological Medicine. 1988;**18**(3):605-613

[35] Beheshti MH, Hajizadeh RR, Borhani Jebeli MB, Tajpoor A. The role of individual and personality traits in noise annoyance. Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research.

Socialism and Democracy. Oxfordshire,

[34] Öhrström E, Björkman M, Rylander

Society; 2013

UK: Routledge; 1994

2018;**8**:133-138

2014

[19] Ikemi M. The effects of mystery on preference for residential façades. Journal of Environmental Psychology.

[20] Browning W, Ryan C, Clancy J. 14 Patterns of Biophilic Design. New York:

[21] Grimstvedt ME, Kerr J, Oswalt SB, Fogt DL, Vargas-Tonsing TM, Yin Z. Using signage to promote stair use on a university campus in hidden and visible stairwells. Journal of Physical Activity & Health. 2010;**7**(2):232-238

[22] World Health Organization. Global Recommendations on Physical Activity for Health. Switzerland: World Health

[23] Schuna JM, Swift DL, Hendrick CA, Duet MT, Johnson WD, Martin CK, et al. Evaluation of a workplace treadmill desk intervention. American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2014;**56**(12):1266-1276

[24] The UK Society of Light and Lighting> LG07/15 Lighting Guide 07: Offices—LG7. London: The Chartered Institute of Building Services Engineers; 2015

[25] The US Department of Labor. Computer Workstations Etool— Workstation Environment. [Online]. Available from: https://www.osha.gov/ SLTC/etools/computerworkstations/ wkstation\_enviro.html [Accessed: 10

[26] I.C. Council. 2018 IECC— International Energy Conservation

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Code. Washington DC, US: International Code Council; 2017

Terrapin Bright Green; 2014

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February 2019]

[37] The US General Services and Administration. Sound Matters: How to Achieve Acoustic Comfort in the Contemporary Office. Washington, DC: The US General Services and Administration; 2011

[38] American Society for Healthcare Engineering Association. Guidelines for the Design and Construction of Hospitals and Outpatient Facilities. Illinois: The Facility Guidelines Institute; 2014

[39] The US Green Building Council. LEED v4 Building Design and Construction. Washington DC, US: The US Green Building Council; 2019

[40] Geiler and Associates. Introduction to Sound Trasmission Class. LEED User. [Online]. Available from: https:// leeduser.buildinggreen.com/sites/ default/files/credit\_documentation/ STC%20Introduction.pdf [Accessed 11 February 2019]

[41] Roper K, Payant R. The Facility Management Handbook. New York, US: AMACOM; 2014

[42] Wyon DP, Andersen I, Lundqvist GR. Spontaneous magnitude estimation of thermal discomfort during changes in the ambient temperature. Journal of Hygiene. 2009;**70**(2):203-221

[43] Kingma B, Van Marken Lichtenbelt W. Energy consumption in buildings and female thermal demand. Nature Climate Change. 2015;**5**:1054-1056

[44] Karjalainen K. Biological sex differences in thermal comfort nad use of thermostats in everyday thermal environments. Building and Environment. 2007;**4**(1594-1603):42

[45] ASHRAE. ASHRAE 55-2017: Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy. Atlanta, Georgia, US: The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating & Air-conditioning Engineers; 2017

[46] Steinemann A. Prevalence and effects of multiple chemical sensitivities in Australia. Preventive Medicine Reports. 2018;**10**:191-194

[47] Bernard BP. Musculoskeletal Disorders and Workplace Factors: A Critical Review of Epidemiologic Evidence for Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders of the Neck, Upper Extremity, and Lower Back. Cincinnati: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; 1997

[48] National Research Council and Institute of Medicine, Musculoskeletal Disorders and the Workplace: Low Back and Upper Extremities. Panel on Musculoskeletal Disorders and the Workplace. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 2001

[49] Joint WHO/FAO Expert Consultation. WHO Technical Report Series 916: Diet, Nutrition and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases. Geneva: The World Health Organization; 2003

[50] Willett WC, Koplan JP, Nugen R, Dusenbury C, Puska P, Gaziano TA. Prevention of chronic disease by means of diet and lifestyle changes. In: Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 2006. pp. 833-850

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[74] Wells MM, Thelen L, Ruark J. Workspace personalization and organizational culture: Does your workspace reflect you or your

company? Environment and Behavior.

[75] Dinc P. Gender difference in private offices: A holistic approach for assessing

methods and ways to create healthy and comfortable buildings. Building and Environment. 2010;**45**(4):808-818

satisfaction and personalization. Journal of Environmental Psychology.

[76] Bluyssen PM. Towards new

[77] Klitzman S, Stellman JM. The impact of the physical environment on the psychological well-being of office workers. Social Science & Medicine.

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framework for understanding the role of the physical environment in innovation. Creativity and Innovation Management.

Services Administration; 2017

Ruskin University; 2014

2007;**16**(1):53-65

2007;**39**(5):616-634

2009;**29**(1):53-62

1989;**29**(6):733-742

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[71] Steverson B. Circadian Light for your Health. Chicago: The U.S. General Services Administration; 2017

*Indoor Environment and Health*

Japanese Companies Create the Dynamics of Innovation. London: Oxford University Press; 1995

Organizational Psychology. Chichester:

[62] Waber B. People Analytics: How Social Sensing Technology Will

Transform Business and What it Tells us about the Future of Work. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, US: Financial Times/

Wiley; 2011. pp. 193-235

Prentice Hall; 2013

[63] DeCanio SJ, Watkins

1998, 1998;**36**:275-294

1943;**50**(4):370-396

WE. Information processing and organizational structure. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization.

[64] Maslow AH. A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review.

[65] Home R, Hunziker M, Bauer N. Psychosocial outcomes as motivations for visiting nearby urban green spaces. Leisure Sciences. 2012;**34**(4):350-365

[66] Thompson CW, Roe J, Aspinall P, Mitchell R, Clow A, Miller D. More green space is linked to less stress in deprived communities: Evidence from salivary cortisol patterns. Landscape and Urban Planning. 2012;**105**(3):221-229

[67] Berman MG, Jonides J, Kaplan S. The cognitive benefits of interacting with nature. Psychology Science.

[68] Smarr BL, Jennings KJ, Driscoll JR, Kriegsfeld LJ. A time to remember: The role of circadian clocks in learning and memory. Behavioral Neuroscience.

[69] Bailey SM, Udoh US, Young ME. Circadian regulation of

[70] Kim TW, Jeong JH, Hong SC. The impact of sleep and circadian disturbance on hormones and metabolism. International Journal of Endocrinology. 2015;**2015**:1-10

metabolism. Journal of Endocrinology.

2008;**19**(12):1207-1212

2014;**128**(3):283-303

2014;**222**(2):R75-R96

[53] Kim S, Park YA, Niu Q. Microbreak activities at work to recover from daily work demands. Journal of Organizational Behavior.

[54] Schwartz T, Porath C. Why you hate work. The Energy Project. New York

[55] Alavi M, Leidner DE. Knowledge

management and knowledge management systems: Conceptual foundations and research issues. MIS Quarterly. 2001;**25**(1):107-136

[56] Ahmed PK. Culture and climate for innovation. European Journal of Innovation Management.

[57] Banbury SP, Berry DC. Office noise and employee concentration: Identifying causes of disruption and potential improvements. Ergonomics.

[58] Cacioppo JT, Patrick W. Loneliness: Human Nature and the Need for Social Connection. New York, US: W. W.

[59] Valtorta NK, Kanaan M, Gilbody S, Ronzi S, Hanratty B. Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for coronary heart disease and stroke: Systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudianl observational studies.

[60] Seppälä E, King M. Burnout at work isn't just about exhaustion: It's also about loneliness. Harvard Business Review. 29

[61] Davis MC, Leach DJ, Clegg CW. The physical environment of the office: Contemporary and emerging issues. In: International Review of Industrial and

1998;**1**(1):30-43

2005;**48**(1):25-37

Norton & Company; 2008

Heart. 2016;**102**:1009-1016

2017;**38**(1):28-44

Times; 30 May 2014

**70**

June 2017

[72] Bungay H, Munn-Giddings C, Boyce M, Wilson C. The Value of the Arts in Therapeutic and Clinical Interventions. East Anglia, UK: Anglia Ruskin University; 2014

[73] Moultrie J, Nilsson M, Dissel M, Haner U, Janssen S, Van der Lugt R. Innovation spaces: Towards a framework for understanding the role of the physical environment in innovation. Creativity and Innovation Management. 2007;**16**(1):53-65

[74] Wells MM, Thelen L, Ruark J. Workspace personalization and organizational culture: Does your workspace reflect you or your company? Environment and Behavior. 2007;**39**(5):616-634

[75] Dinc P. Gender difference in private offices: A holistic approach for assessing satisfaction and personalization. Journal of Environmental Psychology. 2009;**29**(1):53-62

[76] Bluyssen PM. Towards new methods and ways to create healthy and comfortable buildings. Building and Environment. 2010;**45**(4):808-818

[77] Klitzman S, Stellman JM. The impact of the physical environment on the psychological well-being of office workers. Social Science & Medicine. 1989;**29**(6):733-742

[78] Pereira MJ, Coombes BK, Comans TA, Johnston V. The impact of onsite workplace health-enhancing physical activity interventions on worker productivity: A systematic review. Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2015;**72**(6):401-412

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**73**

**Chapter 4**

**Abstract**

human health problems.

pollen allergy

**1. Introduction**

Trials for Health Promotion

*Suni Lee, Naoko Kumagao-Takei, Kei Yoshitome, Nagisa Sada,* 

Two attempts to address health issues by indoor environment modifications are introduced. One approach involves enhancement of natural killer cell activity by negatively charged particle dominant indoor air conditions (NCPDIAC) resulting from extra-porous charcoal paint and application of an electric voltage on the wall surface to adsorb positively charged small particles (approx. 20 nm in diameter). This apparatus creates relatively continuous NCPDIAC. The other approach involves prevention of pollen allergy symptoms by a cloth containing specific ore powder (CCSNOP). With the former approach, we engaged in shortterm (2.5 hour), middle-term (2 W night stay), and long-term (3 M) stays under NCPDIAC and found that IL-2 levels increased under short-term stays and that natural killer cell activity was enhanced in middle- and long-term stay experiments. Implementation of this strategy may partially prevent the occurrence of cancers and viral-mediated diseases. With the latter approach, a 1-hour stay within a CCSNOP room resulted in improvement of symptoms in patients with pollen allergies in addition to a reduction in bad moods caused by any remaining symptoms. In both cases, longer-term experiments should be performed in an effort to confirm and delineate the biological effects of these indoor environment modifications on

**Keywords:** indoor air, negatively charged particle, natural killer cell activity,

The nature of indoor environments is important in terms of human health. One typical illness related to indoor environments is referred to as sick building syndrome (SBS) and is mainly caused by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) [1–6]. Patients with SBS suffer from a variety of nonspecific symptoms such as irritation of the eyes, nose, or throat. Additionally, certain neurotoxic or general health problems present as skin irritations, with nonspecific hypersensitivity reactions including infectious diseases and odor and taste sensations [1–6]. These patients also suffer from general fatigue. Many efforts have been directed at exploring the etiology of SBS, such as attempts to identify patients by certain genetic or psychological features [1–6]. However, efforts to unambiguously account for the

by Indoor Environment

*Yasumitsu Nishimura and Takemi Otsuki*

Modifications
